英语翻译班轮公会 －Freight Conference国际海上货物运输中,主要海运国家经营班轮运输的航运公司为保护和协

英语翻译
班轮公会 －Freight Conference
国际海上货物运输中,主要海运国家经营班轮运输的航运公司为保护和协调彼此间的权益而组成的超国家的航运垄断组织.又称水脚公会.
19世纪末,国际航运竞争日益激烈,为避免因竞相竞争跌价争揽货源而损害各自的利益,1875年7家英国航运公司组成联合王国- 加尔各答班轮公会.协议规定各自的船舶发航艘次和最低运价.此后班轮公会有很大发展,目前全世界已有360多个班轮公会,遍布各主要班轮航线 ,由海运发达国家航运公司控制.
班轮公会分为开放式公会和关闭式公会两种.开放式公会多见于与美国港口有关的航线,并为美国政府有关当局所调节.入会条件是同意公会规定的运价,遵守公会协议.关闭式公会的入会条件是要求入会者经全体会员通过.大多数班轮公会为关闭式公会.
班轮公会的任务是规定共同遵守的最低运价；通过对船舶发航次数、船舶吨位和挂靠港口的限制,控制会员公司之间的竞争；采用折扣、回扣、延期回扣和合同优惠等办法给货主一定优惠,以控制货源,排挤会外航运公司和垄断航线上的班轮业务.
海运发达国家通过班轮公会垄断航运业务的作法,严重阻碍了发展中国家航运业的发展.在第三世界国家的争取下,1974年联合国贸易和发展会议全权代表会议上通过了《班轮公会行动守则公约》,规定了货载分配原则、入会条件和公会提高运价的期限.公约的制定和实施便利了国际海上货运有秩序发展,促进了班轮运输更有效地为国际贸易服务,有利于发展中国家发展自己的商船队,限制了发达国家对班轮航运的垄断.

The international maritime transport of goods, the main business of the liner shipping countries for the protection of the shipping company and the coordination between the rights and interests of the shipping monopolies superstate. Say again water feet.
The 19th century, the international shipping the increasingly fierce competition, in order to avoid competition due to compete against the source and harm depreciation pulled their interests, 1875 seven British shipping companies in the United Kingdom - Calcutta liner conferences. Each ship agreement and the lowest rate SouCi aeromagnetic hair. After the liner has great development, current guild has more than 360 worldwide liner conferences, throughout the liner shipping, mainly by developed countries shipping company control.
The liner into the open and closed guilds guild of guild of two kinds. Open guild in the American ports with relevant course, and for the U.S. government authorities have regulation. Membership is agreed by customs regulations, guild agreement. The closed guilds membership is required by the conditions of enrolled members through. Most of the liner conferences for closing guild.
The liner guild task is the lowest rate stipulated by, Through the vessel voyage, send the ship's tonnage and affiliated port, control limit competition between member companies, Using discount, kickbacks, extension kickbacks and contract for owners certain preferential etc, to control the source, the preferential out the shipping company and monopoly will route liner services.
Ocean liner guild developed countries through shipping business practices monopoly, seriously hindered the development of shipping in developing countries. In the third world countries, 1974 to United Nations conference on trade and development by authorized representatives meeting the code of conduct for liner conferences, convention shall allocation principles, conditions and raise fares membership of the association. The convention, formulate and implement the international maritime transportation is convenient, promote the development of order shippin more effectively for international trade services, be helpful for developing countries to develop their own merchant, limiting the developed countries of the liner shipping monopoly.希望可以帮到你.