any和no的用法,主要是后面所接名词情况,和谓语动词单复数情况,及后面接of短语的具体用法

any和no的用法,主要是后面所接名词情况,和谓语动词单复数情况,及后面接of短语的具体用法
具体一些,举些例子,

一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中", "在……内".例如：
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上".例如：
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下".例如：
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面".例如：
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近".例如：
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处".例如：
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的".例如：
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物.冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种.不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an.a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个.
This is a cat.
这是一只猫.
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书.
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人.
the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物.
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀?
------ 我能看见一个书包.
------ 书包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上.
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如：
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书.
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书.
②在疑问句和否定句中用any.例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水.
⑵记住它们的特殊用法.
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中,这一点我们不久就会学到.例如：
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗?
②any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的".例如：
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个.
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点,希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法.
4.family
family看作为一个整体时,意思是"家庭",后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时,应理解为复数,后面的谓语动词be应用are.
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭.
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家.
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员.home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点. house指"家"、"房屋",侧重居住的建筑本身.
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人.
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京.
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家.
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片.
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗,a little boy 一个小男孩.little常用来修饰有生命的名词.
*但little还可表示否定意义,意为"少的",加不可数名词.
There is little time. 几乎没时间了.
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少.
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看.
see 在这是"明白、懂了",不可译作"看见".例如：
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是个名词.have a seat表示"就坐",也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同.
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系,通常用名词所有格的形式,意为"……的".一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s".例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾,只加"'".例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾,仍加"'s".例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时,所有格应加在后一个名词上.例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s",而常常用介词of的短语来表示.
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图.祈使句一般不用主语,读时用降调.为使语气委婉、礼貌,常在句首或句尾加please .在句尾时,please前多用逗号.
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形.
Go and see. 去看看.
Come in, please. 请进.
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首.
Don't look at your books. 不要看书.
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩.
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语.
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致.意思为"某地有某人或某物".如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔.
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮.
（1）there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not.
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语.
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫.
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书.
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes, there is. 有.
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗?
---No, there aren't. 没有.
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答.One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个./有九个.
（4）如果名词是不可数名词,用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?
Chapter 1：1.说愿望：I would like to be a doctor in the future.I want to be a doctor when I grow up.My dream is to be a doctor.2.问工作：What do they do?What do they work as?What are they?What's their job?3.对某物感兴趣：be keen on(sth/doing sth)be interested inenjoy doing sth4.问身高、体重、年龄及其答语：How tall are you?=What's your height?-I am 135cm tall.=I am 135cm in height.How heavy are you?=What' your weight?-I am 30kg.=I am 30kg in weight.Chapter 2:1.one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数among=one of2.be at school与be in the school 的区别3.on the way4.频率副词5.return=go back/give back6.continue doing sth=go on doing sthChapter 3:1.what to do with=how to deal with2.happen=take place3.wait for sbwait to do sthwait for sb to do sth注：有宾语有the,无宾语无the4.woman man在修饰另一名词时,若为复数,则这个词也要变复数,其他名词不变5.see sb do sth与see sb doing sth的区别6.argue with sb about sthChapter 4:1.祈使句2.consist of3.加减乘除四则运算的用法Chapter 5:1.towards的用法2.bring sth to sw 由远到近take sth to sw由近到远3.from-escape from/appear from4.将来时will和be going to的用法及区别5.不定代词Chapter 6:1.fall asleep2.use sth to do sth=do sth with sth3.otherwise=or=if not4.问发生了什么事What's wrong with you?What's the matter wirh you?What's the trouble with you?What happened?5.介词（1）in the front of与in front的区别有the有范围,无the无范围（2）between A and Bamong A,B and C仅供参考,其余请复习书上语法部分.
1.a little后跟不可数名词 a few后跟可数名词复数2.angry生气的be angry with sb.生某人的气3.too much...太多的... +不可数名词 too many...太多的...+可数名词复数 much too...太...+adj.[or]adv.
英语 我们老师说最重要的是单词关,祝你考个好成绩一、快读查疑.首先浏览课本,遇到较为生疏的、已被遗忘的词语,集中抄在一个本上,以便随时复习,重点记忆. 二、以点带面.以一个单词或语言点为中心,向四周辐射,找出与之相关的词语和用法.比如,学习一个名词,应知道它是可数的还是不可数的；如果是可数名词,其复数形式怎样变化；是不可数名词,又应怎样使用；它有没有动词形式或形容词形式.再如一个动词,其第三人称单数形式、现在分词形式是怎样变化的?应如何使用?有没有固定用法?运用这个方法,可以得到举一反三、事半功倍的良好效果. 三、归纳比较.将同类的知识点归纳在一起,比较其相同点和不同点.比如,表示“带、拿”的几个词：take, bring, get, carry, 应如何区别运用?in, on, at怎样表达不同的时间?一定要掌握它们的细微差别,并能熟练运用. 如何做好初中英语期末复习.祝贺、同意与不同意、借东西、打电话等交际用语均为要复习的重点内容. D. 以点带面,讲究方法 以点带面是指在复习过程中充分调动自己的联想力,把一些相关或不相关的知识联系起来.这种复习方法通常可以把单词作为中心,从其读音、词义、搭配、用法等方面进行多方位地发散思维.例如,复习 dead 这个单词,可以这样进行联想： 1. 从 dead 里的 ea 读 [e] ,可联想到 bread, head, ready, already, instead, sweater 等词； 2. 从 dead 的形容词词性可联想到其动词 die 和名词 death . 讲究方法是指在复习过程中注重运用科学的复习方法,避免机械重复地死记硬背.实践证明,这样的复习方法效果比较显著： 1. 比较法.如把表示“花费”的 take, spend, pay, cost 这四个词语放在一起比较便知,它们各自的习惯搭配句型是有区别的： 1） It takes somebody some time to do something. 2） Somebody spends some money or time on/ in （doing） something . 3） Somebody pays some money for something. 4） Something costs some money. 2. 归纳法.如,把“ V. + up ”短语归纳在一起记忆,有 look up （查寻）, dress up （乔装打扮）, hurry up （赶快）, wake up （醒来）, get up （起床）, put up （举起）, stand up （起立）, turn up （调高音量）等. There is a big _______ (swim) pool in our school.She lives on the ______ (nine) floor of the block.This blue bike is Mike’s and the red one is ______ (she)Mr. Smith teaches ______ (we) English.We must be careful when we walk ______ (cross) the road.Helen is a friend of ______ (I)They can run and jump. They are much ______ (health)On _______ (wind) days, we’d better stay at home.Look! They are playing the game _______ (happy)It’s important to read the typhoon ______ (safe) precaution.Tom will come back on the _______ (twelve) of next month.I don’t like _______ (freeze) food.Yang Liwei landed on the earth ________ at last. (safe)_______, a strange man rushed into his office. (sudden)Did you see a ________ (die) dog under the tree?We should eat _______ (little) meat than before.In winter, we wear ________ (wool) scarves.We use wood to make _______ (wood) rulers.If you check your test papers _______ (care), you will find some mistakes.I wish you ________ (happy) and health for ever.Have you got Ham’s ________ (invite)?We often go _________ (boat) on the lake.Lucy draws _______ (well) than Lily.Many homeless animals are in _______ (dangerous)The doctor has saved many ______ (life).Two _____ (rob) were caught yesterday.Let’s have a _________(discuss).She got a lot of presents on her _______ (twenty) birthday.Were you born in _______ (British)It’s ______ (near) eight o’clock. Let’s begin our work.Could you tell me his ________ (hundred) and eighty students in our school.My father is a _______ (bake)This sign tells us _______ (direct)I don’t like ______ (noisy)It has snowed ______ since I came here.(two)The English evening made the children ______. (excite)My sister is a _______. (secret)His job is to sell vegetable and street, he is a vegetable and fruit _____ (sell0Every morning, Simon sees the street _______ (sweep) doing their jobs.The ______ (motorcycle) was hurt in the accident.The architect draws a lot of _______. (build)What’s your _______ (nation)? We are______ (India)We are going to visit the ______ (forbid) City tomorrow.