跪求一篇“关于传感器的英语文献”最好有翻译成中文的！急用！

跪求一篇“关于传感器的英语文献”最好有翻译成中文的！急用！
3000-4000 字最好

English name: transducer / sensor
　　Sensor is a physical device or biological organ, can detect, feel the outside world signals, the physical conditions (such as light, heat, humidity) or the chemical composition (such as smoke), and finding out information to other devices or organs.
　　The definition of sensor
　　National Standard GB7665-87 under the definition of the sensor are: "can feel the provisions must be measured and in accordance with the law can be used to convert the signal device or devices, usually from sensitive components and conversion components." Sensor is a detection device, can be felt by measuring the information, and can feel Detected information, according to the law of transformation must be a signal or other form of information required for the output to meet the needs of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control requirements. is the automatic detection and automatic implementation of the primary aspect.
　　Sensor classification
　　Different points of view can be used to classify the sensor: the principle of their conversion (sensor basic physical or chemical effect); their uses; their output signal type and the production of their materials and crafts. According to the sensor working principle, can be divided into physical sensors and chemical sensors two broad categories: Sensor working principle of the classification of the physical sensor applications are physical effects, such as the piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction phenomenon, ionization, polarization, thermoelectric, photovoltaic, magnetic effects, such as electricity. Measured the volume of small changes in signal will be converted to electrical signals. Chemical sensors, including those by chemical adsorption, electrochemical reaction, such as the situation for the causal relationship between sensors, the measured signal small changes in volume will also be converted into electrical signals. Some sensors can not divided into the physical category, it should not be divided into chemical categories. Most of the sensor is based on basic physical principles for the operation. Chemical sensor technology more questions, such as reliability issues, the possibility of mass production, prices etc., and have solved these problems, the application of chemical sensors will have 。 Common sensor applications and operating principle are presented in Table 1.1.
　　In accordance with its purposes, the sensor can be classified as:
　　Stress sensitivity and the force sensor position sensor ?
　　Level sensor ? energy sensor
　　Speed Sensor ? thermistor sensor
　　Acceleration sensor ?-ray radiation sensor
　　vibration sensor humidity sensor
　　Magnetic Sensor Gas Sensor
　　Vacuum sensors biosensors, etc. ?. ? ?
　　Its output signal as the standard sensors can be divided into: Analog sensors - will be measuring the volume of non-electrical converted into analog signals. ? ? sensor - will be measured non-electrical quantity into a digital output signal (both direct and indirect conversion). ? ? Ying digital sensor - will be measuring the amount of signal into frequency signals, or short-cycle signal output (including direct or indirect conversion). ? ? 。 Switch sensor - When a measurement signal to achieve a specific threshold, the sensor output corresponding to a specified low or high signal.
　　? ? At the role of external factors, all materials will be made accordingly, with a characteristic response. Them the role of those outside the most sensitive material, that is, those with functional properties of the material, was used to produce a sensor sensitive components.Materials from the application point of view of the sensor can be divided into the following categories:
　　? (1) in accordance with the category of Materials ?
　　according to the physical properties of materials at (2) ? ? conductor insulator semiconductor ? ? magnetic ? (3) The crystal structure of sub-Materials ? Single crystal polycrystalline ? ? ? Amorphous Materials ：? With the use of new materials is closely related to the development of the sensor can be summed up in the following three directions: ? (1) at a known material to explore new phenomena, effects and response, and then enable them to be at sensor technology actually used. ? ?
　　(2) to explore new materials, application of those known phenomenon, effects and response to improve the sensor technology. ? ?
　　(3) at the basic research on new materials to explore new phenomena and new effects and reactions, and in sensor technology to be the specific implementation. ? ? Modern sensor manufacturing progress depends on sensor technology for new materials and sensitive components of the development of strength. The basic trend of the sensor development are dielectric materials and semiconductor applications, as well as closely related. Table 1.2 can be used to give a number of sensor technology, be able to convert energy forms of material. ? ? ： In accordance with its manufacturing process, the sensor can be divided into: Integrated thin-film sensor sensors ? ? ? ceramic thick-film sensor sensor
　　Integrated sensors are produced using standard silicon-based technology of semiconductor integrated circuits manufactured. Will also be used for the initial treatment is usually measured part of the signal circuit is also integrated in the same chip. ? ? Thin-film sensor is deposited on dielectric substrates through (substrate) on the corresponding sensitive material film formed. The use of hybrid technology, the same part of the circuit can be manufactured on this substrate. ? ? Thick-film sensor is the use of the corresponding material slurry, coating on the ceramic substrate made of, the substrate is usually made of Al2O3, and then heat-treated, so that thick-film forming.
　　Ceramic sensors using standard ceramic technology, or some variant of process (sol - gel, etc.) production. ? ? Completed the appropriate preparatory actions, have been forming components at high temperature in sintering. Thick film and ceramic sensors that between two kinds of processes have many common characteristics, in some respects, you can think of ceramic art thick film technology is a variant. ? ? Each technology has its own strengths and weaknesses. Because of the research, development and production of a lower capital investment requirements, as well as the high stability of the sensor parameters and other reasons, the use of ceramics and thick film sensors more reasonable.