急求翻译 !Researchers recruited 92 families from 11 child care c

急求翻译 !
Researchers recruited 92 families from 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Over all, it was a group of well-educated middle-class families, with married parents both living in the home.
When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, recording all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.
The scientists measured the total number of utterances of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other aspects of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.
Finally, the researchers analyzed the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the quality of child care and the number of different words the father used.
The researchers are unsure why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect.
“It’s well established that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study and a graduate research assistant at the Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute at the University of North Carolina. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had already had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are contributing in a way we didn’t measure in the study.”

研究人员招募了11个幼儿中心,92个家庭在他们的孩子一岁,采访每个建立收入,教育和儿童照顾安排水平.总体而言,这是一个受过良好教育的中产阶级家庭组都住在家里结婚的父母.
当孩子们二,研究人员在录像与父母双方自由发挥他们会回家,记录他们的讲话的.这项研究将出现在应用发展心理学杂志上.
科学家测量了父母的话语总数,他们用不同的词语,其判决和他们的讲话等方面的复杂性数量.平均而言,父亲比母亲没少说话,但他们并没有显着差异话语的长短或比例要求的问题.
最后,研究人员分析了3岁的儿童的讲话,用标准化的语言测试.对考试高分的唯一预测因子母亲的教育水平,儿童保健质量和父亲用不同的单词数量.
研究人员不能确定为何父亲的讲话,而不是母亲的,起了作用.
“这是公认,母亲的语言确实有一个影响,”说Nadya Pancsofar,该项研究的主要作者,在弗兰克波特格雷厄姆儿童发展研究所研究生研究在北卡罗莱纳大学的助理.这可能是研究中的高功能的母亲已经有一对子女的语言发展的强大影响力,Pancsofar女士说,“也可能是因为母亲在某种程度上,我们没有测量的研究作出贡献.“