作业帮英语翻译But the most fundamental difference between Bodin and Ho
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/04/27 22:09:30
英语翻译
But the most fundamental difference between Bodin and Hobbes lay in the latter’s uncompromisingly pessimistic view of human nature..Hobbes posited that the “state of nature” that existed before civil government came into being was a condition of “war of all against all.” Since man naturally behaves as “a wolf” towards other men,human life without government is necessarily “solitary,poor,nasty,brutish,and short”.To escape such consequences,people therefore surrendered their liberties to a sovereign ruler in exchange for his agreement to keep the peace.Having granted away their liberties,subjects have no right whatsoever to seek them back,and the sovereign could therefore tyrannize as he likes – free to oppress his charges（受保护人） in any way other than to kill them,an act that would negate the very purpose of his rule,which is to preserve his subjects’ lives.
But the most fundamental difference between Bodin and Hobbes lay in the latter’s uncompromisingly pessimistic view of human nature..Hobbes posited that the “state of nature” that existed before civil government came into being was a condition of “war of all against all.” Since man naturally behaves as “a wolf” towards other men,human life without government is necessarily “solitary,poor,nasty,brutish,and short”.To escape such consequences,people therefore surrendered their liberties to a sovereign ruler in exchange for his agreement to keep the peace.Having granted away their liberties,subjects have no right whatsoever to seek them back,and the sovereign could therefore tyrannize as he likes – free to oppress his charges（受保护人） in any way other than to kill them,an act that would negate the very purpose of his rule,which is to preserve his subjects’ lives.
然而博丹和霍布斯之间最根本的不同在于,后者对人类天性有着坚定的悲观看法.霍布斯假定,在公民政府出现之前的那种“自然状态”是一种“所有人对所有人的战争”的状态.由于一个人面对其它人时天性中会表现得像头“狼”,没有政府管理的话,人类生活必然会“孤立、贫穷、下贱、残酷、短命”.为避免出现这种情况,人们以自己的自由为妥协,组建了政权统治,以换取他们对和平的认同.因为被剥夺了自由,人民没有权利去取回失去的自由,而政权就得以随意地施行暴政——用除了杀戮以外的任何方式肆意地压迫其被保护人（翻成人民更好）.这将违背其统治的本意——保护其人民的生命.
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