英语翻译1Earnings management - bridging the gap between legality

英语翻译
1Earnings management - bridging the gap between legality and quality of reporting
Earnings management is generally propounded as reasonable and proper accounting behaviour to create a value for shareholders.It is primarily achieved in the following form of exercising accounting choices within GAAP.It is almost common to every business big or small,national or multinational."Generally accepted accounting principles" (GAAP) allow an accountant to select from various methods when computing earnings and other financial measures,which could lead to lower quality financial information depending on the accounting methods used.Therefore,regulators have been expressing concern for long on the quality of reported earnings by firms in their financial reports.
There are manifold reasons for why managers manage earnings.At the fundamental level,the reasons are related to the performance of the firm with respect to some benchmark.This benchmark could be the previous period‘s performance（the desire to show an improving trend),analysts' expectations(the desire to meet or beat
expectations),"zero" (the desire to remain profitable),or whatever benchmark is specified in a manager's compensation contract (the desire to meet a bonus threshold).Missing these benchmarks can be extremely costly because the relationship between stock price (or compensation) and earnings is very non-linear around the benchmarks.These abuses in financial reporting have raised a red flag on the efficacy of the audit process and auditors' objectivity in certifying the credibility of their clients' earnings statements.The pervasive pracitce of "earnings management" is threatening the very integrity of financial reporting.
有些专业说法搞不懂,

1earnings管理-桥接的合法性和报告质量之间的差距
盈余管理是一般是合理和适当的会计行为,为股东创造价值.它主要是在下面的锻炼形式实现在GAAP会计选择.这几乎是共同的每一个企业或大或小,国家或跨国公司.”一般公认会计原则（GAAP）允许一个会计选择不同的方法在计算收入和其他财政措施,从而导致低质量的财务信息,根据所使用的会计方法.因此,监管机构已表示关注长期的财务报告公司的收益质量.
有多种原因为什么管理者盈余管理.在基本层面上,原因是相对于基准企业的绩效相关的.这个基准测试可能是前一段时间的性能（为了显示改善的趋势）,分析师的预期（欲望的满足或超过
预期）,“零”（为了保持盈利）,或任何基准是在经理的薪酬契约规定（欲望的满足奖金阈值）.缺少这些基准可以是非常昂贵的,与股票价格之间的关系（或补偿）和收益是非常非线性的基准.这些弊端,财务报告所提出的红旗在证明其客户的收益报表的可信度,审计过程和审计人员的客观性的疗效.“盈余管理”的普遍实践正威胁着财务报告的完整性.