高手帮忙翻一下.不要用翻译工具.要通俗口语化,谢谢了哈.加分.

高手帮忙翻一下.不要用翻译工具.要通俗口语化,谢谢了哈.加分.
The adoption of structural steel and reinforced concrete caused major changes in traditional construction practices. It was no longer necessary to use thick walls of stone or brick for multistory buildings, and it became much simpler to build fire-resistant floors. Both these changes served to reduce the cost of construction. It also became possible to erect buildings with greater heights and longer spans.
Since the weight of modern structures is carried by the steel or concrete frame, the walls do not support the building. They have become curtain walls, which keep out the weather and let in light. In the earlier steel or concrete frame building, the curtain walls were generally made of masonry; they had the solid look of bearing walls. Today, however, curtain walls are often made of lightweight materials such as glass, aluminum, or plastic, in various combinations.
Another advance in steel construction is the method of fastening together the beams. For many years the standard method was riveting. A rivet is a bolt with a head that looks like a blunt screw without threads. It is heated, placed in holes through the pieces of steel, and a second head is formed at the other end by hammering it to hold it in place. Riveting has now largely been replaced by welding, the joining together of pieces of steel by melting a steel material between them under high heat.

采用钢结构和钢筋混凝土造成重大变化在传统的建筑实践.它不再需要使用厚墙的石头或砖为多层建筑,它变得更加简单,建立防火层.这两个改变服务减少建筑成本.它也成为可能的盖建筑物与更高的高度和更长的跨度.
因为现代结构的重量是由钢或混凝土框架,墙上不支持构建.他们已经成为幕墙,它保持了天气,让光.在前面的钢或混凝土框架建筑,幕墙通常是由砖石;他们有坚实的墙壁看轴承.然而,今天,幕墙通常由轻质材料,如玻璃、铝或塑料,在各种组合.
另一个改进钢结构的方法是固定在一起的光束.多年的标准方法是铆接.一个铆钉是一个螺栓,一头,看上去像一个钝的螺丝没有线程.这是激烈的,放置在孔通过钢片,另一头是形成在另一端通过锤打它,它保持在这个地方.铆接现在已经很大程度上已经被焊接,的拼接件钢的熔化钢铁材料在高温之间.