英语翻译3Although crop growth is very responsive to several agro

英语翻译
3
Although crop growth is very responsive to several agronomic factors,kernel size and test weight are relatively stable.This is because many of these factors influence the growth of the crop early in development when compensation can take place between yield components which develop before kernel growth starts.The number of kernels per unit ground area will usually adjust according to the supply of photosynthetic assimilate by mechanisms such as tiller death and floret death; thus many crops have a similar supply of assimilate per kernel leading to stability of kernel size (Biscoe and Gallagher,1977).The exceptions are when crops undergo development before anthesis (flowering) in more favorable conditions than occur post-anthesis so that the kernel number is adjusted to a larger supply of assimilate than can be provided.Even in these situations small reductions in assimilate supply may be compensated for by increased remobilization of stem carbohydrate reserves (Schnyder,1993).If a reduction in assimilate supply after anthesis is too great to be compensated for by this mechanism there are two ways in which kernel growth can be affected depending on the time at which assimilate supply is restricted; either kernel size will be reduced,or grain will be shriveled.
The maximum potential size and weight of wheat kernels is determined largely by the number of endosperm cells (Jenner et al.,1991).The endosperm undergoes cell division in the first 15-20 days after anthesis,and any factor which reduces photosynthesis and assimilate supply in this period will reduce cell number and therefore final kernel size.Maximum grain size is achieved at about the end of this period when much of the grain consists of water.

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Although crop growth is very responsive to several agronomic factors,kernel size and test weight are relatively stable.This is because many of these factors influence the growth of the crop early in development when compensation can take place between yield components which develop before kernel growth starts.The number of kernels per unit ground area will usually adjust according to the supply of photosynthetic assimilate by mechanisms such as tiller death and floret death; thus many crops have a similar supply of assimilate per kernel leading to stability of kernel size (Biscoe and Gallagher,1977).
3.尽管作物的生长对几个农艺因素的反应很敏感,但其籽粒的体积和容重相对稳定.这是因为许多影响作物生长的因素是出现在成长初期,这时早于籽粒开始生长前所发育的助长组成部分,将会相互补偿来调整影响.每地块面积的籽粒数量一般是通过像分蘖和小花的死亡机理所提供的光合同化进行调节,因此,许多作物的每颗籽粒都得到相同的同化产物供应,导致籽粒体积的稳定性（1977年的Biscoe和Gallagher文献）.
The exceptions are when crops undergo development before anthesis (flowering) in more favorable conditions than occur post-anthesis so that the kernel number is adjusted to a larger supply of assimilate than can be provided.Even in these situations small reductions in assimilate supply may be compensated for by increased remobilization of stem carbohydrate reserves (Schnyder,1993).If a reduction in assimilate supply after anthesis is too great to be compensated for by this mechanism there are two ways in which kernel growth can be affected depending on the time at which assimilate supply is restricted; either kernel size will be reduced,or grain will be shriveled.
例外的情况是当作物在开花期前就发育得比开花期后更佳,所以籽粒的数量也会根据需要更多的同化产物供应而进行调整.甚至在这些情况下,同化产物供应的稍微减少也可以通过增加再活化茎中的碳水化合物储备进行补偿（1993年的Schnyder文献）.如果在开花期后同化产物的供应降低幅度太大导致这种机理无法补偿,籽粒的生长将会根据发生这种情况的时间产生两种影响,籽粒的体积缩小或谷物就干枯了.
The maximum potential size and weight of wheat kernels is determined largely by the number of endosperm cells (Jenner et al.,1991).The endosperm undergoes cell division in the first 15-20 days after anthesis,and any factor which reduces photosynthesis and assimilate supply in this period will reduce cell number and therefore final kernel size.Maximum grain size is achieved at about the end of this period when much of the grain consists of water.
胚乳细胞的数量在很大程度上决定了小麦籽粒最大可能的体积和重量（1991年Jenner和伙伴文献）.胚乳在开花期后最初的15至20天开始细胞分裂,在这期间,任何因素降低光合作用及同化产物的供应将会降低细胞数量,从而导致缩小籽粒的最终体积.大约在这个时期结束后,谷物的大小已达到最高点,这时谷物含有大量的水分.
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