请别用机器翻谢谢.IntroductionOver the past two decades,a great numbe

请别用机器翻谢谢.
Introduction
Over the past two decades,a great number of infrastructure projects have been developed under concession contracts.According to the ninth annual survey
conducted by Public Works Financing (2000),over 1370 infrastructure concessions,with estimated capital costs of over $US575 billion,have been proposed,awarded
or completed under various forms of public-private parmership in over 100 countries around the world since 1985.At the same time,a considerable number of studies
on privately financed infrastructure projects have been presented in seminars,conferences and journals,which cover a wide range of topics from project evaluation,risk management and concession design to regulation.Among them,concession period design is an interesting topic of concern to both the public and private sectors,and closely related to project participants' financial returns and completion risk management.
This paper systematically explores the types of concession structures for BOT projects (build-operate-transfer - a type of privately financed infrastructure project) and evaluates the effectiveness of different concession period structures on financial return and completion risk management through mathematical analyses and computer simulations.Finally,the paper recommends possible
concession period structures for four categories of privately financed projects in the hope of providing some insight into creating a 'win-win' concession period design for project promoters and host governments.
The design of concession period
The design of concession period involves the design of period structure,the determination of period length and incentive schemes.
Structures of concession period
The development of a privately financed infrastructure project goes through three phases,namely the predevelopment phase,the construction phase and the
operation phase.The pre-development phase ends with the award of a concession contract.Only the construction and operation phases are included in the concession period.Therefore,there are two possible period structures:
(1) the single-period concession,which defines a concession period beginning from awarding the concession agreement to transferring the project back to the
government; and (2) the two-period concession,which defines a construction period plus an operation period.The former combines the construction phase and operation phase together,whereas the latter separates the operation period from the construction period.Thus,the period structure of concession is to address the
relationship between the construction period and the operation period in order to manage time-overrun risk in project construction.

介绍
在过去的20年里,大量的基础设施项目都是特许协议下发展起来的.根据第九届一年一度的调查
市政工程筹资进行(2000),在1370基础设施的让步,每年有大约资金成本US575亿美元,美元已经提出了奖励
下或完成各种形式的影响在全球100多个国家parmership自1985年以来,世界各地.与此同时,有相当数量的研究
在私人融资的基础设施项目介绍了研讨、会议和期刊,涵盖广泛的话题从工程项目评估、风险管理、让步设计的规定.其中,特许期限内的设计是一个很有意思的话题关心公立和私有两种项目以及其它密切相关的参与者的财务回报和完成风险管理.
系统地探讨类型的让步结构build-operate-transfer BOT项目——一种由私人资助的基础设施项目)和评价不同的有效性特许期限内结构风险管理经济回报和完成,通过数学分析和计算机模拟.最后,本文建议可能的
特许期限内结构四类由私人资助的项目提供一些深入的希望创造一个“双赢”的特许期限内设计和当地政府项目发起人.
特许期限内的设计
特许期限内涉及的设计结构的设计分析,时间周期长度和奖励计划.
特许期限内的结构
开发的一种由私人资助的基础设施项目的经过三个阶段,即会展阶段,建设阶段,
运作阶段.最后阶段的前期开发要引入特许协议的奖品.只有建设和运行等阶段都包括在特许期限内.因此,有两种可能的周期结构:
(1)都规定了让步,single-period授予特许期限内从转移特许协议项目后去的
政府;和(2)两期的让步,都规定了施工期间加手术期.这位前将建设阶段,运作阶段在一起,而后者则从分离手术期施工工期.因此,那个时代的结构是解决让步
关系经营期限建设工期和为管理风险time-overrun项目建设.希望LZ别忘了采纳!别让我蛋疼!