作业帮英语翻译26.1 Ethology focuses on the natural history of behavior
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/14 18:15:17
英语翻译
26.1 Ethology focuses on the natural history of behavior.
Behavior is an adaptive response to stimuli in the environment.An animal's sensory systems detect and process information about these stimuli.
1.How does a hybrid lovebird's method of carrying nest materials compare with that of its parents?What does this comparison suggest about whether the behavior is instinctive or learned?
26.2 Comparative psychology focuses on how learning influences behavior.
Behavior is both instinctive (influenced by genes) and learned through experience.Genes are thought to limit the extent to which behavior can be modified and the types of associations that can be made.
The simplest forms of learning involve habituation and sensitization.More complex associative learning,such as classical and operant conditioning,involves a connection being made between two stimuli or a stimulus and a response.
An animal's internal state influences when and how a behavior will occur.Hormones can change an animal's behavior and perception of stimuli in a way that facilitates reproduction.
2.How does associative learning differ from nonassociative learning?How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning?
3.What is filial imprinting?What is sexual imprinting?Why do some young animals imprint on objects like a moving box?
4.How does Marler's work on song development in white-crowned sparrows indicate that behavior is shaped by learning?How does it indicate that behavior is shaped by instinct?
26.3 Communication is a key element of many animal behaviors.
Animals communicate by producing visual,acoustic,and chemical signals.These signals are involved in mating,finding food,defense against predators,and other social situations.
5.How do communication signals participate in reproductive isolation?Give one example of a signal that is species-specific.Why are some signals individually specific?
26.4 Migratory behavior presents many puzzles.
Animals use cues such as the position of the sun and stars to orient during daily activities and to navigate during long-range migrations.
6.What is the definition of taxis?What are kineses?What cues do migrating birds use to orient and navigate during their migrations?
26.5 To what degree animals "think" is a subject of lively dispute.
Many anecdotal accounts point to animal cognition,but research is in its infancy.
7.What evidence would you accept that an animal is "thinking"?
大哥大姐们，不要网站上翻译的，不准确。
26.1 Ethology focuses on the natural history of behavior.
Behavior is an adaptive response to stimuli in the environment.An animal's sensory systems detect and process information about these stimuli.
1.How does a hybrid lovebird's method of carrying nest materials compare with that of its parents?What does this comparison suggest about whether the behavior is instinctive or learned?
26.2 Comparative psychology focuses on how learning influences behavior.
Behavior is both instinctive (influenced by genes) and learned through experience.Genes are thought to limit the extent to which behavior can be modified and the types of associations that can be made.
The simplest forms of learning involve habituation and sensitization.More complex associative learning,such as classical and operant conditioning,involves a connection being made between two stimuli or a stimulus and a response.
An animal's internal state influences when and how a behavior will occur.Hormones can change an animal's behavior and perception of stimuli in a way that facilitates reproduction.
2.How does associative learning differ from nonassociative learning?How does classical conditioning differ from operant conditioning?
3.What is filial imprinting?What is sexual imprinting?Why do some young animals imprint on objects like a moving box?
4.How does Marler's work on song development in white-crowned sparrows indicate that behavior is shaped by learning?How does it indicate that behavior is shaped by instinct?
26.3 Communication is a key element of many animal behaviors.
Animals communicate by producing visual,acoustic,and chemical signals.These signals are involved in mating,finding food,defense against predators,and other social situations.
5.How do communication signals participate in reproductive isolation?Give one example of a signal that is species-specific.Why are some signals individually specific?
26.4 Migratory behavior presents many puzzles.
Animals use cues such as the position of the sun and stars to orient during daily activities and to navigate during long-range migrations.
6.What is the definition of taxis?What are kineses?What cues do migrating birds use to orient and navigate during their migrations?
26.5 To what degree animals "think" is a subject of lively dispute.
Many anecdotal accounts point to animal cognition,but research is in its infancy.
7.What evidence would you accept that an animal is "thinking"?
大哥大姐们，不要网站上翻译的，不准确。
26.1 行为学集中研究的是行为的自然历史.行为是对环境刺激物作出的一种适应性反应.动物的感官系统可发觉这些刺激物的信息并对之进行处理.
1、混种小鹦鹉衔筑巢材料的方法如何才可与其父母的方法进行比较呢?有关它们的行为是本能的还是后天学习到的这种比较又能说明什么呢?
26.2 比较心理学集中研究的是后天学习如何影响行为.行为即可以是先天的（受基因影响）也可以通过后天经验来获取.基因被认为是从一定程度上限制行为会出改变并因此产生多种关联性.适应和感光是两种最简单的学习方式.更为复杂的联合型学习如古典条件反射和操作性条件反射在两个或一个刺激物与一个反应之间存在一种关联.动物的内部状态会对行为何时出现如何出现有影响.荷尔蒙从某种方便再生的程度上改变动物对刺激物的行为和感知.2、联合型学习与非联合型学习有何不同?古典条件反射与操作性条件反射有何不同?3、何为亲情印痕?何为性行为印痕?为何有些动物幼崽刻印在物体上面俨然一个滚动的盒子呢?4、马尔莱在白冠麻雀方面所作的唱歌开发研究著作是如何体现行为是通过后天学习形成的?又是如何体现行为是先天形成的?
26.3 动物间的交流是许多行为形成的关键因素.通过发出视觉、听觉和化学信号来相互交流.那些信号可以是交配、找食、对抗猎食者或其他社会状况而发出的.5、交流信号是如何参与到生殖隔离活动中的?举一个例子明确阐述.为何有些信号是孤立的,仅限某类动物?
26.4 迁移物种的行为谜团更是一个接一个.在日常活动和长距离迁徙过程中,迁徙动物借助太阳和星星的位置来确定方向.6、何为趋向性?何为激酶?迁徙过程中鸟类借助什么信号来把握方向?
26.5 要达到何种程度,动物的“思维”才成为热门争论的课题?许多奇闻轶食对准的是动物的认知,而相关研究却仍在初期阶段.7、你会接受什么样的证据来证明动物会“思考”?
1、混种小鹦鹉衔筑巢材料的方法如何才可与其父母的方法进行比较呢?有关它们的行为是本能的还是后天学习到的这种比较又能说明什么呢?
26.2 比较心理学集中研究的是后天学习如何影响行为.行为即可以是先天的（受基因影响）也可以通过后天经验来获取.基因被认为是从一定程度上限制行为会出改变并因此产生多种关联性.适应和感光是两种最简单的学习方式.更为复杂的联合型学习如古典条件反射和操作性条件反射在两个或一个刺激物与一个反应之间存在一种关联.动物的内部状态会对行为何时出现如何出现有影响.荷尔蒙从某种方便再生的程度上改变动物对刺激物的行为和感知.2、联合型学习与非联合型学习有何不同?古典条件反射与操作性条件反射有何不同?3、何为亲情印痕?何为性行为印痕?为何有些动物幼崽刻印在物体上面俨然一个滚动的盒子呢?4、马尔莱在白冠麻雀方面所作的唱歌开发研究著作是如何体现行为是通过后天学习形成的?又是如何体现行为是先天形成的?
26.3 动物间的交流是许多行为形成的关键因素.通过发出视觉、听觉和化学信号来相互交流.那些信号可以是交配、找食、对抗猎食者或其他社会状况而发出的.5、交流信号是如何参与到生殖隔离活动中的?举一个例子明确阐述.为何有些信号是孤立的,仅限某类动物?
26.4 迁移物种的行为谜团更是一个接一个.在日常活动和长距离迁徙过程中,迁徙动物借助太阳和星星的位置来确定方向.6、何为趋向性?何为激酶?迁徙过程中鸟类借助什么信号来把握方向?
26.5 要达到何种程度,动物的“思维”才成为热门争论的课题?许多奇闻轶食对准的是动物的认知,而相关研究却仍在初期阶段.7、你会接受什么样的证据来证明动物会“思考”?
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