英语中的句型（宾语从句,状语从句.等等）带例子与解析越全越好!（初中涉及的重点讲一下）!

英语中的句型（宾语从句,状语从句.等等）带例子与解析越全越好!（初中涉及的重点讲一下）!

宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后.
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句.例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等.也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句.
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 . 例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式.例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.）
1、时间状语从句
（1）as、when、while
类别 作 用 例 句
as as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/ while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生. She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
when (at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生. It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
while while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”.主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词.在when表示a period of time时,两者可以互换. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”)
（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：
①till, not … until …, until, before, since
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock.
It will be five years before he returns from England.
②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once
表示“一……就”
As soon as I hxdye finished it , I’ll give yu a call.
Once you show any fear, he will attack you.
We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it
began to rain.
No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.
③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就
He made for the door directly he heard the knock.
④each time, every time, by the time
Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.
注意：表示未来情况,主句用将来时,从句用现在时.
2、让步状语从句
（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用.
Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
（2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质.
I’ll get there even if(though)I hxdye to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
（3）no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等.
Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
Whoever breaks the law will be published.
No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.
（4）as也可以引导让步状语从句.要用倒装.
Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy.
Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the hexdyy box.
3、原因状语从句：because, for, as, since, now that
（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后.
You want to know why I’m lexdying? I’m lexdying because I’m full.
for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词.如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for.如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然,鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因.）
（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分.since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反.
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”
(3)下列情况下只能使用because:
①在回答why的问句时；
②在用于强调句型时；
③被not所否定时.
4、地点状语从句：where, wherever
Make a mark wherever you have any questions.
We will go where the Party directs us.
order that
注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句.不可置于句首.
6、结果状语从句：that, so that, so … that, such … that …
注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such + 名词 + that从句.
7、方式状语从句：as, as if(though)
I’ll do as I am told to.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
8、比较状语从句：than, as
9、条件状语从句：if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that.
注意if与unless的区别：不能用and连接两个unless从句,即不能有… unless …,and unless … .但if … not and if … not却不受此限.
You won’t lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×)
但可以说 … unless you eat less and exercise more.
10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象
（1）连接词 + 过去分词
Don’t speak until spoken to.
Pressure can be incrased when needed.
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.
（2）连词 + 现在分词
Look out while crossing the street.
（3）连词 + 形容词/其他
常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等.
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”.可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等.引导表语从句的that常可省略.另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构.例如：
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句.
1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如：
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开.例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）,而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分.
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明.例如：
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国.）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的.）（同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分）