同位语是单数还是复数
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/20 11:11:49
同位语是单数还是复数
[编辑本段]一、先行词 ?1.定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,plan, fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,question, thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词.
例如:
①The boy who is playing football is my classmate.
?②Those who work hard will succeed.
?③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
?④The fact that you are talking about is important.
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词 boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词,④句便是一例.
?由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?2.when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词.
例如:
①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
?②I have no idea when she will be back.
?在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词;
在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词.
? [编辑本段]二、引导词 ?定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个:that,when,where,why.下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法.
? 1.引导词that
?引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成分,并且在意义上代表先行词;引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用.
例如:
①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting.
?②We heard the news that our team had won.
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news.在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用.
?
2.引导词when,where,why
?引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式;引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式.
例如:
①I will never forget the day when I joined the army.
?②We have no idea when she was born.
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成on which的形式;
在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句, when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式.
?③This is the house where I lived two years ago.
?④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held.
?在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式;
在④句中,划线部分是同位语从句, where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式.
?⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting.
?⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent.
?在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成for which的形式;在⑥句 中,划线部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式. [编辑本段]同位语 同位语的意思
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
(Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人.)
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
(brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.)
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
(同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.)
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动. [编辑本段]同位从句 同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面.例如: He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意: that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于:同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代;定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于: 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用; 定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换.例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. (定语从句, when为连接词) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. (定语从句,which/that为关系副词) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. (定语从句, where为连接词) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. (定语从句,where为关系副词)
注:each有同位语,
every没有
例:they each went there yesterday
例如:
①The boy who is playing football is my classmate.
?②Those who work hard will succeed.
?③The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
?④The fact that you are talking about is important.
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词 boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句的先行词,④句便是一例.
?由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词.
?2.when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词.
例如:
①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
?②I have no idea when she will be back.
?在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词;
在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词.
? [编辑本段]二、引导词 ?定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个:that,when,where,why.下面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法.
? 1.引导词that
?引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成分,并且在意义上代表先行词;引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用.
例如:
①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting.
?②We heard the news that our team had won.
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news.在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用.
?
2.引导词when,where,why
?引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式;引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式.
例如:
①I will never forget the day when I joined the army.
?②We have no idea when she was born.
?在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成on which的形式;
在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句, when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式.
?③This is the house where I lived two years ago.
?④He put forward to the question where the meeting would be held.
?在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成in which的形式;
在④句中,划线部分是同位语从句, where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式.
?⑤This is the reason why she will not attend the meeting.
?⑥The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent.
?在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成for which的形式;在⑥句 中,划线部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"的形式. [编辑本段]同位语 同位语的意思
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
(Mr. Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人.)
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
(brother和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.)
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
(同位语Mr. James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.)
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports, especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动. [编辑本段]同位从句 同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令), suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面.例如: He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health. His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time. I had no idea that you were here. She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. 注意: that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于:同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代;定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于: 同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用; 定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换.例如:I will never forget the day when we first met. (定语从句, when为连接词) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. (定语从句,which/that为关系副词) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. (定语从句, where为连接词) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. (定语从句,where为关系副词)
注:each有同位语,
every没有
例:they each went there yesterday