作业帮英语翻译. 高分.机译免答.
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英语翻译. 高分.机译免答.
四、丢失之物
1.丢失之物不能善意取得
如果所有权人非自愿地丧失了对物的占有,他的所有权丧失就没有合理性.出于这种原因,第935条排除对被盗、遗失和因其他原因丢失之物的善意取得.根据935条的表述可以看出,被盗和遗失只是作为一般概念的丢失之下的个别适用情形.
丢失是指不具备（不一定是违反）占有人意思的占有丧失.仅仅是被遗忘了东西一般来说没有丢失.起决定作用的仅仅是直接占有人的意思.在共同占有的情形中必须得到所有占有人的一致同意.如果缺少一个占有人放弃占有的意思,则对于他而言构成丢失,只有受到不可反抗的强制所形成的意思才不予考虑.这里的意思是指纯粹事实上的意思,无完全行为能力人也可以具备.
例子：如果直接占有人同意拿起该物,即使拿起违反了他的意思,对他也不构成丢失.占有辅助人的意思也同样不予考虑.如果E的雇员F同意盗走公司托付给他的汽车,则仍然构成丢失,因为起决定作用的仅仅是直接占有人E的意思.如果占有辅助人向外界表现为一个独立占有人,受让人可以相信他的意思.
一旦某物丢失,则不仅第一受让人,其他受让人也都不能善意取得.如果D将他从E处偷来的东西转让给H,即使H又转让给A,A又转让给B,都由于丢失而不能善意取得.E可以根据第985条要求B返还.
2.尽管丢失仍可以善意取得
对于个别物品,由于它们顺畅的流通能力对经济活动具有特别重要的意义,第935条第2款规定,尽管丢失也可以善意取得.这些物品除了硬币和纸币以外,还包括无记名证券,特别是无记名股票、投资股份.
此外,第383条第3款意义上的公开拍卖受到特别的保护,在那里拍卖的物品尽管属于他人丢失之物,也能被善意取得.在有些国家,这种商业交易的优先权完全代替了德国法的促成原则,而在德国不中,两种原则同时适用.
五、善意无负担取得
在所有权人因为善意取得而丧失所有权的相同条件下,限制物权的权利人也可能通过善意无负担取得而丧失其权利.这一点不仅适用于所有权人的转让,也适用于非所有权人的转让.
第936条规定的例外情形是,在间接占有人通过让与返还请求权进行转让时,只要权利人是物的直接歌者间接占有人,权利人就可以不丧失其权利.
六、债法上的补偿
所有权人和限制物权的权利人虽然由于善意取得丧失了他们的权利,但是,他们却享有债法上的赔偿请求权作为补偿.
如果受让人根据第346、347条和第467、812条对出让人负有所有权返还转让的义务并且将物的所有权移转给出让人,则没有处分权的出让人还是不能取得所有权.毋宁说,该所有权直接回到以前的所有权人.这一点可以由第932条及其以下条款的限制性保护功能得到解释,这些条款只保护受让人,而不保护没有处分权的出让人.
例子：V将属于E之物卖给K并移转了所有权,K善意取得了所有权.由于物具有瑕疵K提出退货.根据第467条和第346条他必须将物返还给V.E对K没有请求权.尽管K根据第929条将物的所有权返还转让给V,E而不是V直接取得物的所有权,V以前也不是所有权人,他不能仅仅因为解除合同就失去所有权,E因此可以根据第985条要求V返还K退还之物.
七、比较法规定
在法国法中也能够善意取得,不过要求善意人必须事实上取得物的占有.对丢失之物也可以善意取得,不过要交付3年之后才能取得所有权.
在意大利法中,善意取得以交付为前提条件,对丢失之物也可以善意取得,而且无须等待3年时间.这一点不适用于在登记簿中登记之物,对登记之物只能依时效取得.
四、丢失之物
1.丢失之物不能善意取得
如果所有权人非自愿地丧失了对物的占有,他的所有权丧失就没有合理性.出于这种原因,第935条排除对被盗、遗失和因其他原因丢失之物的善意取得.根据935条的表述可以看出,被盗和遗失只是作为一般概念的丢失之下的个别适用情形.
丢失是指不具备（不一定是违反）占有人意思的占有丧失.仅仅是被遗忘了东西一般来说没有丢失.起决定作用的仅仅是直接占有人的意思.在共同占有的情形中必须得到所有占有人的一致同意.如果缺少一个占有人放弃占有的意思,则对于他而言构成丢失,只有受到不可反抗的强制所形成的意思才不予考虑.这里的意思是指纯粹事实上的意思,无完全行为能力人也可以具备.
例子：如果直接占有人同意拿起该物,即使拿起违反了他的意思,对他也不构成丢失.占有辅助人的意思也同样不予考虑.如果E的雇员F同意盗走公司托付给他的汽车,则仍然构成丢失,因为起决定作用的仅仅是直接占有人E的意思.如果占有辅助人向外界表现为一个独立占有人,受让人可以相信他的意思.
一旦某物丢失,则不仅第一受让人,其他受让人也都不能善意取得.如果D将他从E处偷来的东西转让给H,即使H又转让给A,A又转让给B,都由于丢失而不能善意取得.E可以根据第985条要求B返还.
2.尽管丢失仍可以善意取得
对于个别物品,由于它们顺畅的流通能力对经济活动具有特别重要的意义,第935条第2款规定,尽管丢失也可以善意取得.这些物品除了硬币和纸币以外,还包括无记名证券,特别是无记名股票、投资股份.
此外,第383条第3款意义上的公开拍卖受到特别的保护,在那里拍卖的物品尽管属于他人丢失之物,也能被善意取得.在有些国家,这种商业交易的优先权完全代替了德国法的促成原则,而在德国不中,两种原则同时适用.
五、善意无负担取得
在所有权人因为善意取得而丧失所有权的相同条件下,限制物权的权利人也可能通过善意无负担取得而丧失其权利.这一点不仅适用于所有权人的转让,也适用于非所有权人的转让.
第936条规定的例外情形是,在间接占有人通过让与返还请求权进行转让时,只要权利人是物的直接歌者间接占有人,权利人就可以不丧失其权利.
六、债法上的补偿
所有权人和限制物权的权利人虽然由于善意取得丧失了他们的权利,但是,他们却享有债法上的赔偿请求权作为补偿.
如果受让人根据第346、347条和第467、812条对出让人负有所有权返还转让的义务并且将物的所有权移转给出让人,则没有处分权的出让人还是不能取得所有权.毋宁说,该所有权直接回到以前的所有权人.这一点可以由第932条及其以下条款的限制性保护功能得到解释,这些条款只保护受让人,而不保护没有处分权的出让人.
例子：V将属于E之物卖给K并移转了所有权,K善意取得了所有权.由于物具有瑕疵K提出退货.根据第467条和第346条他必须将物返还给V.E对K没有请求权.尽管K根据第929条将物的所有权返还转让给V,E而不是V直接取得物的所有权,V以前也不是所有权人,他不能仅仅因为解除合同就失去所有权,E因此可以根据第985条要求V返还K退还之物.
七、比较法规定
在法国法中也能够善意取得,不过要求善意人必须事实上取得物的占有.对丢失之物也可以善意取得,不过要交付3年之后才能取得所有权.
在意大利法中,善意取得以交付为前提条件,对丢失之物也可以善意取得,而且无须等待3年时间.这一点不适用于在登记簿中登记之物,对登记之物只能依时效取得.
Fourth, the lost thing
A loss of things can not be acquired in good faith
The owner involuntarily lost possession of the material, the loss of his ownership there is no rationality. For this reason, 935 exclude on stolen, lost, lost things, and for other reasons, in good faith to obtain. Can be seen, according to the expression of 935 on stolen and lost just as the individual applies to the case under the general concept of loss.
The lost do not have (not necessarily in violation of) possession of the people the meaning of possession loss. Just forgotten something generally not lost. Play a decisive role only mean the person in possession. In the case of common possession must be agreed possessor. In the absence of a person in possession to give up possession of the means to constitute a loss, only for him to not be considered by the mean can not resist the compulsory? Here means purely a matter of fact the meaning of full capacity people can have.
Example: If the direct possession of the consent to take up the matter, even picked up a violation of his, he does not constitute lost. The meaning of possession of the assisted person is also not be considered. If the employees of E, F agree stole entrusted to his car, still constitutes a loss, play a decisive role only mean that the person in possession E. Possession assisted person to the outside world performance of an independent person in possession, assignee can believe what he meant.
Once something is missing, not only the first assignee, the assignee can not be acquired in good faith. D will be the transfer of his stolen things from E to H, even if the H transfer to A, A transferred to B, are due to the loss can not be acquired in good faith. E may require the return of B under section 985
2 Despite the loss can still be acquired in good faith
Individual items of particular importance because of their smooth circulation of economic activity, the provisions of paragraph 2, of 935, despite the loss can also be acquired in good faith. These items in addition to coins and notes, including bearer securities, bearer shares, investment shares.
In addition, a public auction on the 383, the meaning of paragraph 3 of special protection where auction items belonging to others, loss of material can also be acquired in good faith. In some countries, the priority of such commercial transactions completely replaced by Germany and France to promote the principle of two principles apply to both in Germany is not.
In good faith without burden to obtain
The loss of ownership of ownership acquired in good faith under the same conditions, the right to limit property rights may be achieved through good faith without the burden of the loss of their rights. This applies not only to the ownership transfer, also applies to the transfer of non-proprietary.
Section 936 provides that the exceptions, indirectly, the person in possession for sale by making the claim for restitution, as long as the rights of people is a direct song of the matter indirectly, the person in possession rights can not lose their rights.
Compensation, debt law
Ownership and the right to limit property rights acquired in good faith, the loss of their rights, but they enjoy the law of obligations on the compensation claim as compensation.
If the transferee in accordance with Section 346,347 and 467,812 articles bear the obligation to transfer ownership of the return of the transferor and the transfer of the ownership of the given people, there is no disposition of the transferor or can not take ownership. Rather, the ownership of a direct return to the previous owner. This can be explained by the restrictive protective function of the 932 and the following terms, these terms only to protect the assignee, without the protection of the disposition of the transferor.
Examples: V belongs to E of the material sold to K and transfer of ownership, K, in good faith to obtain ownership. Return due to material defects K. Under section 467 and 346, he must will things return to the V- Of K had no claim. Although the K 929 will be the ownership of the return of the transfer to the V, E, rather than V direct access to the ownership of the V-ago is not the owner, not just because of the termination of the contract will lose ownership, E, under section 985 requirements V return of K-refundable material.
VII Comparative Law provides for
In France and France can also be acquired in good faith, but the requirements of good faith must be a matter of fact the possession of the material. Lost things can also be acquired in good faith, but to be delivered after three years to obtain ownership.
In Italy and France, acquired in good faith to deliver as a precondition for lost things can also be acquired in good faith, and do not have to wait three years. This does not apply the material, registered in the register and registration material can only be achieved by aging
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A loss of things can not be acquired in good faith
The owner involuntarily lost possession of the material, the loss of his ownership there is no rationality. For this reason, 935 exclude on stolen, lost, lost things, and for other reasons, in good faith to obtain. Can be seen, according to the expression of 935 on stolen and lost just as the individual applies to the case under the general concept of loss.
The lost do not have (not necessarily in violation of) possession of the people the meaning of possession loss. Just forgotten something generally not lost. Play a decisive role only mean the person in possession. In the case of common possession must be agreed possessor. In the absence of a person in possession to give up possession of the means to constitute a loss, only for him to not be considered by the mean can not resist the compulsory? Here means purely a matter of fact the meaning of full capacity people can have.
Example: If the direct possession of the consent to take up the matter, even picked up a violation of his, he does not constitute lost. The meaning of possession of the assisted person is also not be considered. If the employees of E, F agree stole entrusted to his car, still constitutes a loss, play a decisive role only mean that the person in possession E. Possession assisted person to the outside world performance of an independent person in possession, assignee can believe what he meant.
Once something is missing, not only the first assignee, the assignee can not be acquired in good faith. D will be the transfer of his stolen things from E to H, even if the H transfer to A, A transferred to B, are due to the loss can not be acquired in good faith. E may require the return of B under section 985
2 Despite the loss can still be acquired in good faith
Individual items of particular importance because of their smooth circulation of economic activity, the provisions of paragraph 2, of 935, despite the loss can also be acquired in good faith. These items in addition to coins and notes, including bearer securities, bearer shares, investment shares.
In addition, a public auction on the 383, the meaning of paragraph 3 of special protection where auction items belonging to others, loss of material can also be acquired in good faith. In some countries, the priority of such commercial transactions completely replaced by Germany and France to promote the principle of two principles apply to both in Germany is not.
In good faith without burden to obtain
The loss of ownership of ownership acquired in good faith under the same conditions, the right to limit property rights may be achieved through good faith without the burden of the loss of their rights. This applies not only to the ownership transfer, also applies to the transfer of non-proprietary.
Section 936 provides that the exceptions, indirectly, the person in possession for sale by making the claim for restitution, as long as the rights of people is a direct song of the matter indirectly, the person in possession rights can not lose their rights.
Compensation, debt law
Ownership and the right to limit property rights acquired in good faith, the loss of their rights, but they enjoy the law of obligations on the compensation claim as compensation.
If the transferee in accordance with Section 346,347 and 467,812 articles bear the obligation to transfer ownership of the return of the transferor and the transfer of the ownership of the given people, there is no disposition of the transferor or can not take ownership. Rather, the ownership of a direct return to the previous owner. This can be explained by the restrictive protective function of the 932 and the following terms, these terms only to protect the assignee, without the protection of the disposition of the transferor.
Examples: V belongs to E of the material sold to K and transfer of ownership, K, in good faith to obtain ownership. Return due to material defects K. Under section 467 and 346, he must will things return to the V- Of K had no claim. Although the K 929 will be the ownership of the return of the transfer to the V, E, rather than V direct access to the ownership of the V-ago is not the owner, not just because of the termination of the contract will lose ownership, E, under section 985 requirements V return of K-refundable material.
VII Comparative Law provides for
In France and France can also be acquired in good faith, but the requirements of good faith must be a matter of fact the possession of the material. Lost things can also be acquired in good faith, but to be delivered after three years to obtain ownership.
In Italy and France, acquired in good faith to deliver as a precondition for lost things can also be acquired in good faith, and do not have to wait three years. This does not apply the material, registered in the register and registration material can only be achieved by aging
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