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请教什么叫宾语补足语,双宾语和宾语从句?感激不尽!

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/06 17:46:06
请教什么叫宾语补足语,双宾语和宾语从句?感激不尽!
1.在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有1个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语,简称宾补.
比如说:
I heard Jim singing this morning.
句子中的Jim显然是宾语.但是主语I听到的并不是Jim,而是Jim singing.singing 是句子中的宾语补足语.它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是Jim执行了singing的动作.
句子中的singing是现在分词做宾语补足语.能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等.一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后.
比如:
I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容词做宾补)
I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副词做宾补)
Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符号to的动词不定式)
注意:当感官动词和使役动词,如:
see 、hear 、notice 、watch 、hear 、feel 、observe(感官动词)
make have let(使役动词)
接宾补时,不定式的符号to必须省略.
在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带.
2.双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成.直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者,间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做),间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后,但它不能单独存在.它和直接宾语组成双宾语,例:
Please show me your passport.请把护照给我看一下.(your passport是直接宾语,me是间接宾语)
I’ll fetch you a chair.我给你拿一只椅子.(a chair是直接宾语,you是间接宾语)
间接宾语可以用一个由to 表示动作方向)或for 表示动作目标)引起的短语来表示.这时,间接宾语置于直接宾语之后.我们可以把上面例句改写为:
Please show your passport to me.
I'll fetch a chair for you.
3.1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开.
2.引导宾语从句的词有:
连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if,whether,如:
He knows that Jim will work hard.
连接代词who,whom,which等,如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
连接副词when,where,how,why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后,
不定式之前,与or not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true.He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序.
5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即:当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动
词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如:
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.
6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词.
7.当主句谓语动词是think,believe等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中.另外,当主句主语为第一人称时,后面若接附加疑问句,那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致.如:
I don't think he looks like his father,does he?
8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句,直接引语是引述别人的原话,放在引号内,
不用连词联接;间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,通常用连接词与主句联接.
(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句,如:
He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.
(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,如:
He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”
---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由who,what,where,how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句,如:
He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”
---He asked me where Mr Wang was.
注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化.