非谓语动词的使用

非谓语动词用法

解题思路： 熟记非谓语动词的形式和功能。
解题过程：
非谓语动词
成份
形式
用法
例句
做表语
V．ing
表示抽象的一般性的行为。
His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。
V．ed
表示主语所处状态或主观心理感受，相当于形容词的作用。married (已婚的)，excited
They were very excited at the news．
to do
不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.
注：分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的
delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的
encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的
puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的
surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
eg.1. Traveling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
2.The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
3.The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
4.They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。

作定语
V．ing
①表示主动意义
②表示正在进行
1. He rushed into the burning house．
2. The child standing over there is my brother．
V．ed
①V-ed.表示被动和完成意义。 ② n.+V-ed短语，相当于一个定语从句 1. A broken cup is lying on the ground.
2. This is one of the houses built last year. =which was built last year.
3. I want to write about people addicted to drugs.
to do
①与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系;
②与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
①He was the last one to leave school yesterday．
②She has a lot of work to do in the morning．
请用适当的分词填空。
1. A. Nobody was in the story he told. (interested, interesting )
B. The story he told was very . (interested, interesting )
2. There is a sports meeting _____ ( hold ) next Tuesday. (to be held)
3. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps （borrow）from the library. (borrowed)
4. “Things （lose）never come again！” I couldn’t help talking to myself. （lost）
5. The girl （stand） under the tree is really charming. （standing）
作宾语补足语
V．ing
表示与句子宾语之间有主动或进行的意义
He saw a boy getting on the bus.
She kept me waiting for almost an hour.
V．ed
表示与句子宾语之间有被动或完成的意义。
I’ll have my house painted tomorrow.
We had some pictures taken in the park.
to do表示动作的完成
1.常用动词：advise, allow, ask, expect，tell, want, wish等。
2.在某些感觉动词（feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe, see）和使役动词 （let, have, make）后作宾语补足语时，省去to, 但在被动语态中to 不可以省。
1. My parents expect me to go to a ideal university.
2. They made the workers work day and night.
注：独立主格结构
① 逻辑主语+分词
eg. The weather permitting, they would climb the maintain.
② with＋宾语+宾补 (done/doing/to do)
注：宾补的形式由宾语与宾补之间的关系来确定。宾语与宾补之间构成的是被动关系用过去分词（done）;是主动关系用现在分词（doing）;表将来的动作用动词不定式（to do）.
eg. With the problem settled, they were happy and relaxed.
1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written
English 　　　 (improve) in a short period. (improved)
2.Now that we've discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions (take)？(taken)

作状语
V．ing
可做时间、条件、原因、结果或伴随等，它的一般是表示与谓语动词同时发生，它的完成式表示在谓语动词动作之前发生的动作。
They entered the classroom, talking and laughing.
Having been told many times, he still made the same mistakes.
V．ed
表示完成或被动的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系注：lost； seated； lost in；dressed in
Built in 1900, the building is still in good condition.
Once lost, such a chance might never come again.
to do
可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语，它表示在谓语动作之后发生的动作
He hurried to the train station, only to find the train has left.
感悟高考：
1. When (question) again，the suspect had to admit that he had kidnapped a child and sold him.
2． (approach) the city center，we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
3. When (ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
4. With a lot of homework (do), I can’t go to the cinema.
5. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You've had it ___ （explain）often enough.
最终答案：略