长城的英文简介中英文都要,不太长也不太短.

长城的英文简介
中英文都要,不太长也不太短.

The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone,brick,tamped earth,wood,and other materials,generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China in part to protect the Chinese Empire or its prototypical states against intrusions by various nomadic groups or military incursions by various warlike peoples or forces.Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century BC; these,later joined together and made bigger and stronger,are now collectively referred to as the Great Wall.
Especially famous is the wall built between 220–206 BC by the first Emperor of China,Qin Shi Huang.Little of that wall remains.Since then,the Great Wall has on and off been rebuilt,maintained,and enhanced; the majority of the existing wall was reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty.
Other purposes of the Great Wall have included border controls,allowing the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road,regulation or encouragement of trade and the control of immigration and emigration.Furthermore,the defensive characteristics of the Great Wall were enhanced by the construction of watch towers,troop barracks,garrison stations,signaling capabilities through the means of smoke or fire,and the fact that the path of the Great Wall also served as a transportation corridor.
The Great Wall stretches from Shanhaiguan in the east,to Lop Lake in the west,along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.A comprehensive archaeological survey,using advanced technologies,has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi).This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wall,359 km (223 mi) of trenches and 2,232 km (1,387 mi) of natural defensive barriers such as hills and rivers.Another archaeological survey found that the entire wall with all of its branches measure out to be 21,196 km (13,171 mi).
长城,是不同时期古代中国为抵御不同时期塞北游牧部落联盟侵袭,修筑规模浩大的军事工程的统称.长城东西绵延上万华里,因此又称作万里长城.现存的长城遗迹主要为始建于14世纪的明长城,西起嘉峪关,东至虎山长城,长城遗址跨越北京、天津、青海、山东、内蒙等15个省市自治区,总计有43721处长城遗产.长城同时也是自人类文明以来最巨大的单一建筑物,以及修缮时间持续最久的建筑物.
2009年4月,中国国家测绘局及国家文物局报告最新的完整考古研究显示,明长城全长8851.8公里,其中人工墙体的长度为6259.6公里,壕堑长度为359.7公里,天然险的长度为2232.5公里,墙体平均高6至7米,宽4至5米.
2012年6月5日,国家文物局宣布,历经近5年的调查和认定,中国历代长城总长度为21196.18公里.这是中国首次科学、系统地测量历代长城的总长度.该长度比位列第二位的伊朗戈尔干长城（195公里）长约108倍.