几句英语的语法分析1.Because aggressive individuals are more likely to

几句英语的语法分析
1.Because aggressive individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are more likely to be transmitted to subsequent generations. 请问“whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are ...” 在语法上该如何分析,为什么有两个 are ?
2. In the steam-engine analogy, verbal aggression may vent some of the aggressvie steam. So might cheering on one's favorite sports team. 请问“So might cheering on one's favorite sports team. ” 这句话在语法上应该如何分析?
3. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not. 请问“mean them harm” 在语法上应该如何分析?
谢谢!

第一题 Because aggressive individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are more likely to be transmitted to subsequent generations.
语法分析如下：
1）原因状语从句：Because aggressive individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce,
2）主句：whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are more likely to be transmitted to subsequent generations. 其中——
□ 嵌套主语从句 —— whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior
* 主语：whatever gens 不管什么样的基因
* 谓语部分：are linked to aggressive behavior （被动语态）都与攻击行为有联系
注：形容词性的连接词 whatever 可以用来引导名词从句（主语、宾语、表语）,表示“所有的…/不管什么样的…”.在本句中,它引导的是主语从句,意思是“所有基因无论与攻击行为有什么联系”
□ 系表结构的谓语部分 —— are more likely to be transmitted to subsequent generations 都更有可能被遗传给后代.
显而易见,前一个 are 是主语从句中被动语态的助动词,后一个 are 是主语从句和表语之间的系动词.
翻译：因为攻击个体更有可能存活下来并繁衍下去,因此所有基因无论与攻击行为有什么联系都更有可能被遗传给后代.
第二题. In the steam-engine analogy, verbal aggression may vent some of the aggressive steam. So might cheering on one's favorite sports team.
.
1）so 在此处是代词,经常用在诸如say, call, speak, tell, think, hope, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear, do 等动词后作宾语,指代上文中一提到过的一件事.
2）这里用了倒装语序,用正常语序表示就是：cheering on one's favorite sports team might (vent) so
3）本句中的 so 指代上文的 some of the aggressive steam,恢复完整为 cheering on one's favorite sports team might vent some of the aggressive steam.
4）语法分析
* 主语（动名词短语）：cheering on one's favorite sports team
* 谓语动词 might (vent)
* 宾语：so （= some of the aggressive steam）
翻译：在以蒸汽机的类比中,口头敌对行为会发泄出一些挑衅性发散物；给一个人喜爱的运动队加油也会如此.
第三题. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.
Mean 在此处意思是“意欲给…造成”,后面的 them harm 是双宾语,them 是间接宾语,harm 是直接宾语,意思是“企图给他们造成伤害”.
翻译：例如,他们假定,在他们不这样的时候,其他人企图给他们造成伤害.
再问： 谢谢您的回答，还有一个小小的疑问，第一句中的 “whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior”= any genes that are linked to aggressive behavior，是这样子的吧？ 倘若在原句中加个"that" 变成 “whatever genes that are linked to aggressive behavior ......” 这样子是不是在语法上就错误了呢？
再答： 1. whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior 在意思上等于 any genes that are linked to aggressive behavior， 2. 如果变成 whatever genes that are linked to aggressive behavior... ，由于 whatever = any genes that，二者置换以后，句子就变成 （any genes that）that are linked to aggressive behavior。也就是说倘若在原句中加 that， 势必会存在一个暗含的的 that 和一个多余的 that，出现了重复错误。