作业帮求高中非谓语动词的详细讲解与练习
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求高中非谓语动词的详细讲解与练习
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题
（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同.不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质.
His job is to guard.(说明内容)
be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
（2）带不定式作宾语的词语.
下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等.
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等.
（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补.
①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语.
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：
主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.
③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/
consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done
④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.
（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法.
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等.
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系.
She is now looking for a room to live in.
（5）不定式作状语的用法.
不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因.only to do表示出人意料的结果.
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .
in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语,如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法.
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作.
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型.
此外,glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时,但要注意与一般时的区别.
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起,请稍等.（说话时还未等）
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起,让你久等了.（说话时已等了很久）
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气.（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时.（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现.（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望.
（7）不定式的省略.
①同一结构并列由and或or连接.
I want to finish my homework and go home.
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.
He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do时,后面的to省略.
What he did was lose the game.
③句中含有动词do时,but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略.即“前有do,后省to”.
Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.
④主句含有不定式,后面有rather than, rather than后省to.
⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to.如：
He could not but walk home.
（8）不定式的替代.
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或主补,宾补的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）.但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式,后应该保留原形be或have.如：
Susan is not what she used to be.
—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your
homework.
—I know I ought to have.
常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.
3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题
（1）动名词作宾语.
①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit.
②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth.
③介词后要接动名词.what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词.注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中.作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词.如on his arrival….
④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：
begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand
名称 语 法 功 能
主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
动名词 √ √ √ √
现在分词 √ √ √ √
过去分词 √ √ √ √
2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题
（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同.不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质.
His job is to guard.(说明内容)
be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
（2）带不定式作宾语的词语.
下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等.
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等.
（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补.
①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语.
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：
主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.
③主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/
consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done
④主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.
（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法.
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等.
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系.
She is now looking for a room to live in.
（5）不定式作状语的用法.
不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因.only to do表示出人意料的结果.
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .
in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语,如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法.
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作.
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型.
此外,glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时,但要注意与一般时的区别.
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起,请稍等.（说话时还未等）
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起,让你久等了.（说话时已等了很久）
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气.（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时.（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时,表示该做某事或想做但未实现.（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时,表示过去未曾实现的愿望.
（7）不定式的省略.
①同一结构并列由and或or连接.
I want to finish my homework and go home.
I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.
He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)
②不定式作表语,其前面的主语从句中含有do时,后面的to省略.
What he did was lose the game.
③句中含有动词do时,but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略.即“前有do,后省to”.
Don’t do anything silly, such as marry him.
④主句含有不定式,后面有rather than, rather than后省to.
⑤Why not、had better、would rather、can’t but等词后省to.如：
He could not but walk home.
（8）不定式的替代.
多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中,为了避免重复,作宾语或主补,宾补的不定式再次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）.但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式,后应该保留原形be或have.如：
Susan is not what she used to be.
—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your
homework.
—I know I ought to have.
常见的有：I’d like / love / be happy to.
3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题
（1）动名词作宾语.
①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit.
②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth.
③介词后要接动名词.what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词.注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中.作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词.如on his arrival….
④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：
begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand