英语翻译Just in time manufacturing isn't the only way companies

英语翻译
Just in time manufacturing isn't the only way companies have used their supply chains to reduce cost.Manufacturing in developing countries is substantially cheaper than in the United States because of the low cost of labor.For example,the hourly wage for China's manufacturing and production workers is less than one dollar per hour.But foreign manufacturing brings with it another set of challenges.It isn't as easy to set up real-time data sharing with a factory in,say,China as it is with a factory you own in the United States.And the sheer distance that overseas goods need to travel—not to mention the number of vessels they need to travel on— to reach the U.S.increases the chance that they will get delayed.The bottom line is that foreign manufacturing brings back a lot of the uncertainty that supply chain systems were designed to eliminate.The good news is that technology capable of tracking shipments throughout the world is getting better.The bad news is that a lot of this technology is still pretty expensive,that some of the places a company would want to deploy it don't have the necessary infrastructure in place,and,well,there isn't a piece of technology out there that can make up for the whim of a Chinese customs official.Furthermore,labor costs in some places are so low that IT automation and monitoring projects may add more to costs—in terms of software,hardware and still-precious (and unreliable) bandwidth—than they save in productivity.Hence,some low-tech or commodity products may not be worth monitoring at all until they hit a ship in a foreign port.In the meantime,the best bet for companies is to use whatever systems they can to gain as much visibility into the global supply chain as possible.It may be impossible to replicate the just in time model on a global scale,but by applying technology ,and by choosing the supply chain partners who have the capability to share data with operations,a company can get many of the benefits of just in time while paying low foreign prices.

对公司来说,准时化生产不是唯一可利用供应链来降低成本的手段.发展中国家的劳动力成本低,制造业是比美国便宜.中国工人每小时工资不到一美元.但是在外国制造也有特别的难题.譬如说,实时共享数据在美国自己的工厂比较容易建立,跟中国工厂共享不是那么容易.而且距离和多数量的船只都会增加延期可能性.底线是,外国制造会增加很多供应链系统本来旨在消除的不确定性.好消息是能够跟踪分布世界各地货物的技术越来越好.坏消息是,这项技术仍然是相当昂贵也并不普遍,而且技术也不可能弥补各个中国海关官员的决定.此外IT自动化和监测项目的费用（软件,硬件,加上不长见也不可靠的网络）会勾消超低生产成本.因此,一些低技术或普通商品的产品到进入外国港口后才值得监测.为公司的最佳办法是利用可用系统尽可能收集自己全球供应链的资料.这也许是不可能在全球范围复制准时化生产的时候.采用技术和选择拥有共享数据与操作能力的供应链合作伙伴,公司可以得到许多准时化生产好处和低廉国外价格.