作业帮宾语补足语和定语在句中成分怎么区别
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/06 16:58:26
宾语补足语和定语在句中成分怎么区别
宾语补足语:
某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语.
I'm going to paint it pink.
句子中的it显然是宾语.但是主语将要做的并不是it,而是paint it pink.pink 是句子中的宾语补足语.它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是执行了paint的动作.
句子中的pink是形容词做宾语补足语.能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等.一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后.
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后.
1.作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what,whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句.例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2.作介词的宾语
例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3.作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content 等.也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句.
4.It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中.例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5.后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等.这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句.例如：
I admire their winning the match.(right)
I admire that they won the match.(wrong)
6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等.例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man.(right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)
7.否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think,consider,wuppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式.例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.）
某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语.
I'm going to paint it pink.
句子中的it显然是宾语.但是主语将要做的并不是it,而是paint it pink.pink 是句子中的宾语补足语.它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,也就是说从逻辑上来讲,是执行了paint的动作.
句子中的pink是形容词做宾语补足语.能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介宾短语等.一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后.
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后.
1.作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what,whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句.例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2.作介词的宾语
例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
3.作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content 等.也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句.
4.It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中.例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month..
5.后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等.这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句.例如：
I admire their winning the match.(right)
I admire that they won the match.(wrong)
6.不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等.例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man.(right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.(wrong)
7.否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think,consider,wuppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式.例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.）