英语翻译During the eighteenth and nineteenth century,there was a

英语翻译
During the eighteenth and nineteenth century,there was a great deal of competition between European powers,such as Britain and the Netherlands,to expand their influence and control in Southeast Asia.The region provided many economical advantages including the highly lucrative spice trade.What is unique about spices is that only a little amount is needed to preserve and improve the taste of food.However,with the advent of refrigeration,demand for spices decreased as new and more effective methods of food preservation were found,in consequence spices became less valuable .
Currently,there are signs that a new 'spice war' is on the horizon.However,the possible coming conflict is not over cloves,pepper,or nutmegs.Instead,this time round,the contested commodities are rare metals such as lithium,platinum,dysprosium and terbium - spice metals used in minute amounts but highly important in various high These rare earth Metals-tech Industries.,which are used in.batteries for fuel can cells and Wind turbines,literally power a large part of the new global and greening of economy ,and the new protagonists in this COMPETITION are Japan and China.
Japan is at the Forefront of developing hybrid technology in cars.However,the weakest link in hybrid technology is conventional NICKEL-hydride batteries for that do not hold much CHARGE,which then seriously limits the range and practicality of the car.On the other hand,lithium-ion batteries hold a greater amount of electrical charge and this quality allows hybrid cars to have a longer range on a single charge.
Most of the world's known reserves of lithium,over 90 per cent,are located in South America.Bolivia has the single largest reserves while Chile,Brazil and Argentina are the other major producers of this metal.With a limited and concentrated supply and increased demand for hybrid cars expected to increase exponentially in the near future,a serious shortage looms.In order to ensure a stable and continual supply of lithium Japan announced a very generous aid package to Bolivia earlier this week.Japan's objective is to ensure that its automotive industry retains its competitive advantage by securing preferential access to this rare metal.Right now,China is the world's third largest producer of lithium,but with access to the lithium mine in Salar de Uyuni,which has the world's largest untapped lithium reserves,Japan is now less dependent on China for lithium supplies.It remains to be seen what the Chinese reaction would be in light of this recent development and whether it would now step up its charm offensive in South America to secure its supply of lithium,rather than to draw down its own reserves.

在第十八和第十九世纪,有一个很大的竞争之间的欧洲国家,如英国和荷兰,扩大其影响和控制在南洋.该地区提供了许多经济优势,包括利润丰厚的香料贸易.什么是独特的香料,较少需要保持和改善食品的口感.然而,随著制冷需求下降,香料作为新的和更有效的食品保鲜方法被发现,因此变得不那么宝贵的香料.目前,有迹象表明一个新的香料,战争是在地平线上.然而,可能到来的冲突并没有结束丁香,胡椒粉,或肉豆蔻.相反,这一次,有争议的商品等稀有金属锂,铂,铽和镝-香料用的金属微量但非常重要的各种高这些稀土metals-tech行业,所用.电池燃料电池和风力涡轮机,字面上的功率很大一部分的新的全球经济和绿化,和新的主角在这竞争是日本和中国.日本在发展前列的混合技术在汽车.然而,最薄弱的环节是传统镍氢电池混合技术,不收费,从而严重限制的范围和实用性的汽车.另一方面,锂离子电池容纳更多数量的电荷,这允许混合动力汽车有一个较长的距离上的单次充电.世界上的大多数已知的锂储量,超过90%,位于南美国.玻利维亚最大的单一储备在智利,巴西和阿根廷其他主要生产这种金属.以有限的和集中供给和需求的增加混合动力车将成倍增加在不久的将来,一个严重短缺织机.为了确保一个稳定和持续供应锂日本宣布一个非常慷慨的援助方案玻利维亚本星期早些时候.日本的目的是确保其汽车工业保持竞争优势,确保优先获得这种稀有金属.现在,中国是世界第三大制作人锂,但获得的锂矿乌尤尼盐沼,其中有世界上最大的尚未开发的锂储量,日本现在是较少依赖中国锂用品.它仍然被视为是中国的反应是在光的这一新的发展以及它是否将加强其魅力攻势在南美国确保其供应锂,而不是动用其储备.