独立主格语法大全（崔）！

老师请讲一下独立主格结构这个语法， 给一些例句， 还有尤其是与非限制性定语从句的区分！ 详细！ 拜托老师了！

解题思路： 前后有两个 主语 且 没有系词
解题过程：
独立主格结构的特点是：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，也就是前后有两个主语。
独立主格结构的构成是：
①
名词(代词)即主语+现在分词(表主动含义)；
He stood there, his eyes looking into the sky.
他站在那里，眼睛看着天空。
名词(代词)即主语+过去分词
He stood there,his hands crossed under his head .(过去分词表被动)
他站在那里，两手被交叉放在脑袋下面
②名词(代词)+形容词；
He stood there, his eyes wide open.
他站在那里，眼睛睁得大大的。
③名词(代词)+副词；
He stood there, the light on.
他站在那里，灯亮着
④名词(代词)+不定式；
He is busy, much work to be done.
他很忙 ，有很多工作要做。
⑤名词(代词) +介词短语构成；
He came in, book in hand.
他走进来，手里拿着书。
⑥with/without+名词(代词)+ 宾语补足语。
He came in, with a book in his hand.
他走进来，手里拿着一本书。
从上面的结构可以看出，前后有两个主语，而且独立主格最大的特点是 句子前没有连接词，句中 没有 系词。其实，这是一种简单的结构，若把上面的句子 恢复成原来的形式，就成了两个句子了：
1.He stood there, his eyes looking into the sky.
= He stood there,and his eyes were looking into the sky.
2.He stood there,his hands crossed under his head .
(过去分词表被动)
=He stood there,and his hands were crossed under his head
3.He stood there, his eyes wide open.
=He stood there, and his eyes were wide open. 4.He stood there, the light on.
=He stood there, and the light was on.
5.He is busy, much work to be done.
He is busy, and much work was to be done.
(be to 固定结构 表将来）
6.He came in, book in hand.
He came in, and a book was in his hand.
7.He came in, with a book in his hand.
=He came in, and a book was in his hand.
孩子 现在明白了吗 它是一种句子简化了的形式，其实跟分词的用法原理相同：现在分词 表主动 ； 过去分词表被动。跟分词的唯一区别是 有自己的主语。
它跟定从没一点关系，定从前面有先行词，而且引导词是 who which where when 之类
Do you know the tall boy, who will go abroad?
你认识那个高个子男孩吗？他要出国了 。
孩子 我讲明白了吗
最终答案：略