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宏观调控的几个手段用英文怎么说

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:综合作业 时间:2024/05/02 09:55:58
宏观调控的几个手段用英文怎么说
经济手段:这是指政府在自觉依据和运用价值规律的基础上借助于经济杠杆的调节作用,对国民经济进行宏观调控.经济杠杆是对社会经济活动进行宏观调控的价值形式和价值工具,主要包括价格、税收、信贷、工资等.
法律手段:这是指政府依*法制力量,通过经济立法和司法,运用经济法规来调节经济关系和经济活动,以达到宏观调控目标的一种手段.通过法律手段可以有效地保护公有财产、个人财产,维护各种所有制经济、各个经济组织和社会成员个人的合法权益;调整各种经济组织之间横向和纵向的关系,保证经济运行的正常秩序.
法律手段的内容包括经济司法和经济立法两个方面.经济立法主要是由立法机关制定各种经济法规,保护市场主体权益;经济司法主要是由司法机关按照法律规定的制度、程序,对经济案件进行检察和审理的活动,维护市场秩序,惩罚和制裁经济犯罪.
行政手段:这是依*行政机构,采取强制性的命令、指示、规定等行政方式来调节经济活动,以达到宏观调控目标的一种手段.行政手段具有权威性、纵向性、无偿性及速效性等特点.社会主义宏观经济调控还不能放弃必要的行政手段.因为计划手段、经济手段的调节功能都有一定的局限性,如计划手段有相对稳定性,不能灵活地调节经济活动;经济手段具有短期性、滞后性和调节后果的不确定性.当计划、经济手段的调节都无效时,就只能采取必要的行政手段.尤其当国民经济重大比例关系失调或社会经济某一领域失控时,运用行政手段调节将能更迅速地扭转失控,更快地恢复正常的经济秩序.当然,行政手段是短期的非常规的手段,不可滥用,必须在尊重客观经济规律的基础上,从实际出发加以运用.
这个能不能简单的用英文帮我翻一下阿~
Economic means:This is a government initiative in the use of bases and on the basis of the law of value through the use of economic levers of regulation,the national economy for macro-control.Economic lever for social and economic activities in the value of the macro-control and value in the form of tools,including pricing,taxation,credit,wages,etc.
  Legal means:This refers to the Government in accordance with the rule of law * force through legislation and economic justice,economic laws and regulations to regulate the use of economic relations and economic activities in order to achieve macro-control targets as a means.By means of the law can effectively protect the public property,personal property,to maintain ownership of various economic,social and economic organizations of various members of the legitimate rights and interests of individuals; economic adjustment between horizontal and vertical relationships to ensure the normal operation of economic order.
  Legal means to include economic justice and economic legislation both.Economic legislation is enacted by the legislature by a variety of economic laws and regulations,protection of the rights and interests of the main market; economic justice mainly by the judiciary system in accordance with the law,procedures,the economic case for the prosecution and trial activities and maintain market order,punishment and sanctions Economic crimes.
  Administrative means:This is the administration in accordance with the law,to take a mandatory order,direct,such as the provisions of the administrative means to regulate economic activities to achieve the objectives of macro-control as a means.Administrative authority,vertical,free-Su Xiaoxing and so on.Socialist macroeconomic regulation and control can not give up the necessary administrative means.Because it means the adjustment of economic instruments have some limitations,such as the plan means there is relative stability,flexibility can not regulate economic activities; with a short-term economic means,lagging,and the uncertainty of the consequences of regulation.When the program of economic instruments of regulation are null and void,it can only take the necessary administrative means.When a significant proportion of the national economy,in particular the relationship between socio-economic imbalance,or a loss of control in the field,the use of administrative means will be able to adjust more quickly to reverse the loss of control,faster return to normal economic order.Of course,administrative measures are short-term non-conventional means,not abuse,must respect the objective economic law on the basis of reality from the use of them.