作业帮英语翻译中国贸易顺差产生的内因政策原因1.“奖出限进”的贸易政策是导致长期贸易顺差的根本原因,虽然中国外贸方针一直表述为
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英语翻译
中国贸易顺差产生的内因
政策原因
1.“奖出限进”的贸易政策是导致长期贸易顺差的根本原因,虽然中国外贸方针一直表述为“实现进出口基本平衡”,但是实际上,中国对外贸易政策服从并服务员“拉动经济增长,减轻就业压力”等内部平衡目标.无论在中央政府还是地方政府层面,均将扩大出口作为拉动经济增长的重要手段.因此,中国对外贸易政策,事实上是“奖出限进”最求盈余的.经济增长过分依赖出口,所以造成出口越多经济发展越快的局面.
2.僵化的汇率制度是妨碍贸易顺差自动调节的关键环节,长期以来,人民币名义汇率水平一直固定不变,从2005年7月中国开始实行“以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度”但是汇率浮动区间依然很小（0.3%）.央行依然在不断通过收购外汇的办法避免人民币升值过快和波动.在外部失衡调整方面,由于人名币汇率缺乏灵活性或弹性,难以对美元和其他主要货币间的汇率变化及其影响作出反应,结果是人民币名义汇率保持稳定,而实际汇率不断贬值,倒是贸易顺差持续扩大外部失衡加剧.
3.缺乏兼顾内外平衡的货币政策和财政政策,对贸易顺差起着助推作用.中国货币政策和财政政策的制定,缺乏一个内外平衡目标兼顾的思维框架,政策目标的关注点主要集中在内部平衡目标——“高增长、低通胀”的是实现,而忽视了外部平衡.事实上,内部平衡和外部平衡是相互影响和依赖的.内部的快速扩张和逐步的收缩,直接影响外部平衡状况的变动；而外部失衡的加剧,对内部平衡也会产生压力.因此,关注内部平衡目标的调控政策,既推动着外部失衡的加剧,也妨碍着经济系统自动调节功能的发挥.
中国贸易顺差产生的内因
政策原因
1.“奖出限进”的贸易政策是导致长期贸易顺差的根本原因,虽然中国外贸方针一直表述为“实现进出口基本平衡”,但是实际上,中国对外贸易政策服从并服务员“拉动经济增长,减轻就业压力”等内部平衡目标.无论在中央政府还是地方政府层面,均将扩大出口作为拉动经济增长的重要手段.因此,中国对外贸易政策,事实上是“奖出限进”最求盈余的.经济增长过分依赖出口,所以造成出口越多经济发展越快的局面.
2.僵化的汇率制度是妨碍贸易顺差自动调节的关键环节,长期以来,人民币名义汇率水平一直固定不变,从2005年7月中国开始实行“以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度”但是汇率浮动区间依然很小（0.3%）.央行依然在不断通过收购外汇的办法避免人民币升值过快和波动.在外部失衡调整方面,由于人名币汇率缺乏灵活性或弹性,难以对美元和其他主要货币间的汇率变化及其影响作出反应,结果是人民币名义汇率保持稳定,而实际汇率不断贬值,倒是贸易顺差持续扩大外部失衡加剧.
3.缺乏兼顾内外平衡的货币政策和财政政策,对贸易顺差起着助推作用.中国货币政策和财政政策的制定,缺乏一个内外平衡目标兼顾的思维框架,政策目标的关注点主要集中在内部平衡目标——“高增长、低通胀”的是实现,而忽视了外部平衡.事实上,内部平衡和外部平衡是相互影响和依赖的.内部的快速扩张和逐步的收缩,直接影响外部平衡状况的变动；而外部失衡的加剧,对内部平衡也会产生压力.因此,关注内部平衡目标的调控政策,既推动着外部失衡的加剧,也妨碍着经济系统自动调节功能的发挥.
Chinese trade surplus produce the internal
Policy reasons
1. "the prize the limit of trade policy is to enter" in the long term the fundamental reason trade surplus, although China foreign trade policy has been interpreted as the import and export of basic balance ", realize but actually, China's foreign trade policy obedience and attendant "drive economic growth, reduce the employment pressure" internal balance goals. No matter in the central government or local government level, all will expand exports as an important means of boosting economic growth. Therefore, China's foreign trade policy, is actually "award for the limit of the surplus into". Economic growth over-reliance on exports, therefore creates more faster export situation of economic development.
2. Rigid exchange-rate regime is hinder trade surplus self-regulating key link, long-term since, RMB nominal rate levels have been fixed, from July 2005, China began to implement "based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies, managed floating exchange rate system" but the range of floating exchange rate is still small (0.3%). The central bank is unceasingly through acquisitions of foreign exchange in renminbi appreciation way to avoid rapid and volatility. In external imbalances adjustment, because even currency exchange rate flexibility, lack of flexibility or is difficult to the dollar and other major currencies exchange rate changes and their influence between the response, the result is RMB nominal exchange rate remained stable, and the depreciating real exchange rate, but trade surplus expand external imbalances intensified.
3. Lack of both internal and external balance monetary policy and fiscal policy to trade surplus, plays a booster effect. China's monetary policy and fiscal policy formulation, lack of a target of internal and external balance both framework for thinking, the effectiveness of policy concerns focused on internal balance goal -- "high growth and low inflation" is achieved, and ignore the external balance. In fact, internal balance and external balance is mutual influence and dependent. Internal expansion and contraction of gradually, directly affects the external balance changes; While the external imbalances intensifies, the internal balance also can produce pressure. Therefore, the goal of balancing concern internal control policy, is driving the outer unbalance intensifies, also hindering economic system automatic adjustment functions.
Policy reasons
1. "the prize the limit of trade policy is to enter" in the long term the fundamental reason trade surplus, although China foreign trade policy has been interpreted as the import and export of basic balance ", realize but actually, China's foreign trade policy obedience and attendant "drive economic growth, reduce the employment pressure" internal balance goals. No matter in the central government or local government level, all will expand exports as an important means of boosting economic growth. Therefore, China's foreign trade policy, is actually "award for the limit of the surplus into". Economic growth over-reliance on exports, therefore creates more faster export situation of economic development.
2. Rigid exchange-rate regime is hinder trade surplus self-regulating key link, long-term since, RMB nominal rate levels have been fixed, from July 2005, China began to implement "based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies, managed floating exchange rate system" but the range of floating exchange rate is still small (0.3%). The central bank is unceasingly through acquisitions of foreign exchange in renminbi appreciation way to avoid rapid and volatility. In external imbalances adjustment, because even currency exchange rate flexibility, lack of flexibility or is difficult to the dollar and other major currencies exchange rate changes and their influence between the response, the result is RMB nominal exchange rate remained stable, and the depreciating real exchange rate, but trade surplus expand external imbalances intensified.
3. Lack of both internal and external balance monetary policy and fiscal policy to trade surplus, plays a booster effect. China's monetary policy and fiscal policy formulation, lack of a target of internal and external balance both framework for thinking, the effectiveness of policy concerns focused on internal balance goal -- "high growth and low inflation" is achieved, and ignore the external balance. In fact, internal balance and external balance is mutual influence and dependent. Internal expansion and contraction of gradually, directly affects the external balance changes; While the external imbalances intensifies, the internal balance also can produce pressure. Therefore, the goal of balancing concern internal control policy, is driving the outer unbalance intensifies, also hindering economic system automatic adjustment functions.