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for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the dif

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for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the ..
for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer.
which will confront the pot-holer.(定语从句)
为什么不是:which the pot-holer will confront
因为which 在定语从句中做主语
而你理解成了宾语
事实上,从句的宾语是pot-holer
再问: which指什么
再答: 这句话的意思是:因为无法预见到探测洞穴的人会遇到什么样的困难。which就是指困难,confront是使什么面对,所以 A confront B的意思是B 面对A,所以不用被动,也就是探测洞穴的人面对的困难,如果按照你的写法,就要用被动