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英语语法,这个是怎么回事呢?

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/21 20:39:34
英语语法,这个是怎么回事呢?
语法中说,当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which不用that.比如说:This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.但是下面的这个句子为什么就不能这样说呢?This is the pen for which I'm looking.这个为什么错呢?
在下列情况下介词不能提前:
1.用 who 代替 whom,that 代替 which 时,介词不能提前.如:
He's the boy who I learned English from.
这就是我向他学英语的那个男孩.
Here is the parcel that he sent to Tom.
这就是它寄给汤姆的包裹.
2.当 whom 或 which 省略时,介词不能提前.如:
This situation we had got into was very dangerous.
我们当时的处境很危险.
3.当 whom 或 which 在句中作含有介词的短语动词的宾语时,介词通常不能拆开前置.如:
You're the very man whom I'm looking for.
你正是我在寻找的人.
学习“介词 + 定语从句”时,应注意以下几点:
一 .明确介词位置,把握介词使用要求
关系代词 whom 或 which 在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成“介词 + 关系代词 whom (先行词指人) /which (先行词指物)”引导的定语从句.如:
This is the girl whom I borrowed a book from.= This is the girl from whom I borrowed a book.
这就是我向她借书的那个女孩.
Is this the room that / which he once lived in?= Is this the room in which he once lived
这就是他曾经住过的房子吗?
二 .了解关系代词省略的背景要求
关系代词 whom 或 which 在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词又放在后面时,可以省略.如:
Is this the pen ( which ) you referred to yesterday?
这就是你昨天提到的那支钢笔吗?
但如果介词被提前,关系代词 whom 或 which 就不能省略.如:
This is the boy on whom you can depend.
这就是你可以信赖的那个男孩.
My glasses without which I was almost like a blind man fell to the ground and broke into pieces.
我的眼镜掉到地上,摔成了碎片,没有它我简直像个瞎子.
三 .熟悉关系代词替换的背景要求
关系代词 whom 或 which 作介词的宾语时,如果介词放在后面,可用 who / that 代替 whom,that 代替 which .如:
This is the laboratory ( that / which ) he studies SARS in.
这就是他研究 SARS 病毒的实验室.
但如果介词被前置,就不可用 who /that 代替 whom ,也不可用 that 代替 which .如:
This is the doctor with whom Xiao Wang fought SARS.
这就是和小王一起与 SARS 病毒战斗的医生.
四 .掌握“介词 + 定语从句”的几种特殊形式
(一)“介词 + whose ”引导的定语从句
“介词 + whose ”引导的定语从句,需弄清从句的动词与先行词、 whose 后边名词的关系及从句主语与主句主语之间的关系.如:
She is the girl to whose brother I talked yesterday.
她就是昨天我和其兄弟谈话的那个女孩.
析:根据 the girl,brother 和 I 之间的逻辑关系,不难发现我是和女孩的兄弟谈话.
He is the boy for whose boss I work.
他就是我为其老板打工的那个男孩.
析:根据 the boy,boss 和 I 之间的逻辑关系,不难发现我是为男孩的老板打工.
(二)“复杂介词 + whom / which ”引导的定语从句.如:
This is the hotel at the back of which is a small garden.
这就是后面有一座小花园的旅馆.
They came to a farmhouse in front of which sat a small boy.
他们来到一家农舍,前面坐着一个小男孩.
(三)“数词 / 名词 + of which / whom ”引导的定语从句.如:
She has many books,only one of which is interesting.
她有许多书,只有一本是有趣的.
I have many friends,the tallest of whom is Wei Fang.
我有许多朋友,个子最高的是魏芳.