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有关英语动词的Something

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/20 17:13:20
有关英语动词的Something
1.动词的第三人称单数是什么意思?2.那个过去分词和现在分词里的分词怎么理解?3.过去式和过去分词有什么区别?4.助动词又是什么?
在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es.但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚,现归纳总结如下: 一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数.如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视. She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐. It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫. 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数.如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲. ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国. ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕. 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数.如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物. ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的. ③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的. ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的. 四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时,是第三人称单数.如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了. ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病. ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔. ④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦. 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数.如: ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里. ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小. 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数.如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字. ②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母. 英语中,关于第三人称单数后面的谓语动词的用法: 一:加实义动词的话 比方: 1. She says that it will be hot tomorrow.(她说明天会很热.)(这个句子中间,says,就是一个实义动词,因为she是第三人称单数,所以,say要加-s变成says.) 2.It looks as if he is angry.(看起来好像他生气了.)(这个句子中,it 是第三人称单数,所以后要用look加-s.) 二:不是实义动词的情况: 比方: 后接助动词时:(主要助动词有 be, have, do, shall, will, should, would ) 1. She has studied in this school for 3 weeks.(她在这个学校已经待了3个星期.)(这个句子中,第三人称是she,它后面的has studied是谓语部分,has 是助动词,最原始的是have,它碰到第三人称单数就要变成has.) 2.He doesn't know that young man,(他不认识那个年轻人.)(这个句子中,does 就是一个助动词,它最原始是 do,在第三人称单数后,就要变成does.) 3. He is happy. (他很快乐.)(is是be动词的一种.) 过去分词和现在分词 英语中的分词分两种:现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle).虽然它们在句子中都可作名词修饰语、接系动词补足语、宾语补足语等,但是它们形式不同,而且语义也有差别. 现在从四方面举例说明. ⒈现在分词表示动作是主动的和正在进行的(例①-③);过去分词的动作是被动的和完成的(例④-⑥): ① The boiling water is hot. ② A sleeping baby is good to look at. ③ She has a smiling face. ④ You can use the boiled water to make tea. ⑤ Where is my lost key? ⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired. 有时,由于两个动词“异词同义”,其分词也跟着不同 ,如: ⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt? b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt? ⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received. b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories? ⒉在语义上,现在分词和过去分词反映的心理状态不同.前者有 “令人……”的含义(见例⑨);过去分词则有“感到……”的意思(见例⑩): ⑨ The soccer match last night was thrilling.(令人紧张) ⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.(感到高兴) 其他例子有: ● amazing: amazed; ● annoying: annoyed; ● boring: bored; ● confusing: confused; ● surprising: surprised; ● terrifying: terrified 试比较11a和b以及12a和b: 11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen. 11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time. 12a. David came with some surprising news. 12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation. ⒊在作宾语补足语时,如果宾语是有关分词逻辑上的主语,就用现在分词,如?: 13.? The teacher found a student dozing off. 14.? Don't keep the visitor waiting. 如果宾语和有关分词有“动词+宾语”关系,那么这个分词就要是过去分词了,如: 15.? Where did you get your book printed? 16.? You should have your office whitewashed. 在13里,正在打瞌睡的是宾语“a student”; 在14里,宾语是 “the visitor”.15里,“printed”的宾语是“books”; 16里, “whitewashed”的宾语是“his office”. 4.分词短语相当于副词从句,但现在式表示的是主动的行动,如例?,过去式表示被动的行动,如: 17? Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted. 18 Written in haste, the essay had some errors. 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词.被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb).构成时态,语态. 助动词是语法功能词,自身没有词义,不可单独使用,它没有对应的汉译,例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语. (doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义) 1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb).被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb). 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语. (doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义) 2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态,例如: He is singing. 他在唱歌. He has got married. 他已结婚. b. 表示语态,例如: He was sent to England. 他被派往英国. c. 构成疑问句,例如: Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗? Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如: I don't like him. 我不喜欢他. e. 加强语气,例如: Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会. He did know that. 他的确知道那件事. 3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would