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完成时态的的语法拎一下、

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把初二完成时态的的语法拎一下、简单易懂一点、
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
◎现在完成时态构成和用法
现在完成时态由“助动词have (has) +过去分词”构成,它可以表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days, today, this year, so far等连用。 如:
I’ve just had my lunch. 我刚刚吃过午饭。(影响是:现在我不饿了。)
She has already posted the photos. 她已经寄走了相片。(结果是:这些相片已不在我这里了。)
现在完成时态还可以表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句,in the last ten years等,在这种用法中,表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。如:
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我已经认识李磊有三年了。
He has been at this school for over two years. 他在这个学校已经有两年多了。
They have lived here since 2002. 自从2002年以来,他们就住在这里。
How long have you worked in this library? 你在这个图书馆里工作有多久了?
He has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来到这所学校,他一直在教我们。
◎特征词
⑴ already(肯定句)
yet(否定句和疑问句)
never, ever(疑问句)
just (谓语动词之前) before(句末)
⑵ in the past/last few years(过去几年来)
so far = up to now/till now/by now
these days
since /ever since + 过去时间点
for + 时间段
注 意:
①since+一段时间+ago=for+时间段;
 since two weeks ago=for two weeks;
I have kept the library book for a week. = I have kept the library book since a week ago.
②since + 时间点=for+时间段
since 2000=for 8 years
③since +从句(常用一般过去时)
The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris.
④have got, has got 虽然是现在完成时, 但have got=have; has got=has
I have a new bike. =I have got a new bike.
◎英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词),如begin, start, die, buy, leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中。 • I’ve left Shanghai for three days.(×) • I’ve been away from Shanghai for three days.(√). • I left Shanghai three days ago. (√)
终止性动词要表示持续时,可用以下方法:
⑴ 将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时。 eg. My brother joined the army two years ago. 我弟弟参军两年了。
⑵ 若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,或用在 how long句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下: • open---be open die---be dead • close---be closed become---be • borrow---keep begin/start---be on • put on---wear leave---be away (from) • buy---have sleep /fall asleep---be asleep • end/finish---be over catch a cold---have a cold • come back—be back get up---be up • come/go/arrive/get/reach/move---be in/at • join the army---be in the army/ be a soldier • join the Party---be in the Party /be a Party member →My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years.
◎现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at
(1)been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用。 eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)
(2)gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地。 eg. She has gone to Shanghai. (表示现在她人不在这里)
(3)been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days, since I came here等连用。 eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there.
◎现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况。而一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。如:
I have read the book. 我看过这本书。(我了解这本书的内容)
I read the book last week. 我上星期看了这本书。(只说明上星期“我”看了这本书,不涉及现在的情况)
He has lived here since 2002. 2002年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里)
He lived here in 2002. 2002年他住在这里。(不涉及他现在是否还住在这里)
下面就给大家提供10句日常生活中极其常用的话,这10个句子都包括了一条最重要的语法:现在完成时。练熟这10个句子,语法也跟着运用自如!
1. I haven’t seen you for a long time. How have you been?
我很久没见到你了。你好吗?
2. I have already told you three times!
我已经跟你说了三次了!
3. I’ve just heard that you’re married.
我刚听说你结婚了。
4. She’s gone to work. She’ll be back around five.
她去上班了。她大概五点左右回来。
5. I’ve never been to Hong Kong.
我从来没去过香港。
6. I haven’t been abroad so far.
我至今还没有出过国。
7. This is the best book I’ve ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
8. Have you ever tried Thai food?
你吃过泰国菜吗?
9. Have you decided on your major yet?
你决定读什么专业了吗?
10. How long have you been here in China?
你在中国多久了?
同学你好,很高兴为你解答。如有疑问请留言,祝你英语越来越棒!
最终答案:略