这个图标是什么意思?英语中文?

这个图标是什么意思?英语中文?

 

symbol for peace
The internationally known symbol for peace (U+262E ☮ peace symbol in Unicode) was originally designed in 1958 for the British nuclear disarmament movement by Gerald Holtom.Holtom, an artist and designer, made it for a march from Trafalgar Square, London to the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment at Aldermaston in England, organised by the Direct Action Committee to take place in April and supported by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). Holtom's design was adapted by Eric Austen (1922–1999) to ceramic lapel badges.The original design is in the Peace Museum in Bradford, England.The symbol is a combination of the semaphore signals for the letters "N" and "D," standing for "nuclear disarmament".[49] In semaphore the letter "N" is formed by a person holding two flags in an inverted "V," and the letter "D" is formed by holding one flag pointed straight up and the other pointed straight down. Superimposing these two signs forms the shape of the centre of the peace symbol.Holtom later wrote to Hugh Brock, editor of Peace News, explaining the genesis of his idea:"I was in despair. Deep despair. I drew myself: the representative of an individual in despair, with hands palm outstretched outwards and downwards in the manner of Goya's peasant before the firing squad. I formalised the drawing into a line and put a circle round it."Ken Kolsbun, a correspondent of Holtom's, says that the designer came to regret the symbolism of despair, as he felt that peace was something to be celebrated and wanted the symbol to be inverted. Eric Austen is said to have "discovered that the 'gesture of despair' motif had long been associated with 'the death of man', and the circle with 'the unborn child',". Some time later, Peggy Duff, general secretary of CND between 1958 and 1967, repeated this interpretation in an interview with a US newspaper, saying that the inside of the symbol was a "runic symbol for death of man" and the circle the "symbol for the unborn child".The symbol became the badge of CND and wearing it became a sign of support for the campaign urging British unilateral nuclear disarmament. An account of CND's early history described the image as "a visual adhesive to bind the [Aldermaston] March and later the whole Campaign together ... probably the most powerful, memorable and adaptable image ever designed for a secular cause."Not patented or restricted, the symbol spread beyond CND and was adopted by the wider disarmament and anti-war movements. It became widely known in the United States in 1958 when Albert Bigelow, a pacifist protester, sailed a small boat fitted with the CND banner into the vicinity of a nuclear test. Buttons with the symbol were imported into the United States in 1960 by Philip Altbach, a freshman at the University of Chicago. Altbach had traveled to England to meet with British peace groups as a delegate from the Student Peace Union (SPU) and, on his return, he persuaded the SPU to adopt the symbol. Between 1960 and 1964, they sold thousands of the buttons on college campuses. By the end of the decade, the symbol had been adopted as a generic peace sign, crossing national and cultural boundaries in Europe and other regions.In 1970, two US private companies tried to register the peace symbol as a trade mark: the Intercontinental Shoe Corporation of New York and Luv, Inc. of Miami. Commissioner of Patents William E. Schuyler Jr, said that the symbol "could not properly function as a trade mark subject to registration by the Patent Office".Ken Kolsbun in his history of the peace symbol wrote that, "In an attempt to discredit the burgeoning anti-war movement, the John Birch Society published an attack on the peace symbol in its June 1970 issue of American Opinion", calling the symbol "a manifestation of a witch's foot or crow's foot", supposedly icons of the devil in the Middle Ages. A national Republican newsletter was reported to have "noted an ominous similarity to a symbol used by the Nazis in World War II".和平标志,即反核战标志,是当今世界被广泛使用的的标志之一.这个标志是按照“核裁军运动（CND ）”领导人Bertrand Russel的要求,由运动的参与者Gerald Holtom设计,作为抗议1958年在英国奥尔德马斯顿村成立“原子武器发展研究中心”的行动委员会的徽章.标志最初构想是由伦敦皇家艺术学校的设计师和毕业生提出,用基督教的十字架套在圆圈里面表示,但遭到了基督教徒的反对.这个标志的意义为反核运动,即反战标志,是当今世界被广泛使用的的标志之一.这个标志是按照“核裁军运动（CND）”领导人伯特兰·罗素的要求,由运动的参与者Gerald Holtom设计,作为抗议1958年在英国奥尔德马斯顿村成立“原子武器发展研究中心”的行动委员会的徽章.标志最初构想是由伦敦皇家艺术学校的设计师和毕业生提出,用基督教的十字架套在圆圈里面表示,但遭到了基督教徒的反对.商业艺术家杰劳德·霍尔通是这个组织中的一员,他在二战期间成为了一个坚定的反战分子.在组织的委托下,他采用海军旗语中的信号作为设计元素,设计出了后来风靡全球的和平反战标志.在海军旗语中,信号员手执两面旗子,向下成45度角表示“N”,两面旗子一面指向上,另一面向下表示则表示“D”,“N”和“D”即是“核裁军”（nuclear disarmament）英文单词的首字母缩写.霍尔通将二者合为一体,化为简单的线条,又在外面画了一个圆圈.　这个标志还有其它解读方式.霍尔通说：“我画的是我自己：一个绝望的人的代表,双手垂下,掌心向前,就像戈雅在《1808年5月3日夜间起义者被枪杀》那幅画里表现的那样.”圆圈中的线条暗示人类的身体,而圆圈则象征着地球.在后来的日子里,霍尔通还曾后悔自己让这个标志带上了太多绝望的情感.他表示,如果再给他一次机会,他希望能把这个标志上下颠倒过来.“他认为和平是值得庆贺的事情.”曾采访过霍尔通、研究反战标志历史多年的记者肯·科尔斯邦（Ken Kolsbun）说,“巧合的是,如果将他设计的标志倒过来,标志上的‘信号员’将手执向上成45度角的两面旗子,在旗语中表示‘U’.UD是‘单方面裁军’（unilateral disarmament）的缩写,也许这样会比核裁军有更深远的意义.”和平标志被马丁路德金的朋友在一次民权运动中使用之后,在美国得到广泛应用,尤其是在各种权利运动和美国信奉正统基督教的组织中.二十世纪七十年代,有些人认为这个标志含有某种邪恶的隐喻,还有些人认为是共产主义的标志,所以人们开始避免使用.在南非的种族隔离政体下,甚至官方禁止使用此标志.在越战期间,战争的反对者们使用了此标志,因此这个标志也被称为“伟大的美国鸡的脚印”.不是故意的侵权,这个标志至今仍作为英国的核裁军标志.但在世界范围内,人们把它看成爱与和平、非暴力的象征.人们可以免费使用这个标志,并且无需得到任何人的许可.这也就导致了它的使用和滥用,尽管被CND或是其他和平组织看到会不高兴.这个标志也被用作商业、广告和时尚等其他一些用途.“我们不能阻止这些使用,也不打算申请专利.我们所能做的只是希望那些商家们能捐出一部分钱.他们所捐助的任何钱,我们都将作为CND的和平教育和信息工作.”核裁军网站的发言人如是说.（中英文并非一一对应,内容大致相同.）