英语翻译The reduction factor is affected by many parameters,such

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英语翻译
The reduction factor is affected by many parameters,such as the pile diameter,elastic modulus of piles,pile depth,soil types and properties,loading conditions,etc.A simplified reduction factor that ignores the effect of soil and pile conditions can cause an incorrect prediction.It would be best to estimate the reduction factor from load tests,but the data are limited (e.g.,Kim and Kim 2001,Wakai et al.1999,Gandhi and Selvam 1997,Franke 1988),and these results are for small-scale tests.Therefore,an analytical method is used commonly to estimate the reduction factor.In this paper,a sensitivity study is conducted to examine the variations in reduction factor,and a design chart is presented for the effect of pile head restraint.

这一减缩因数受到许多参数得影响,如桩径,桩弹性模量,桩深度,土壤类型和性质,负荷条件等一个简化了的减缩因数忽略了土壤和条件对桩可能导致不正确预测.从数据估算负载测试减缩因数再好不过了,但数据是有限的（例如,2001年和金金,若井等.1999年,甘地和Selvam1997年,弗兰克1988年）,而这些结果对于小规模试验.因此,通常采用的分析方法来估计减少的因素.本文进行了敏感性研究审查折减系数的变化,以及设计图是为桩头约束作用提出.
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