英语翻译Socrates begins by asking Glaucon to imagine a cave wher

英语翻译
Socrates begins by asking Glaucon to imagine a cave where people have been imprisoned from childhood.These prisoners are chained so that their legs and necks are fixed,forcing them to gaze at the wall in front of them and not look around at the cave,each other,or themselves .
Behind the prisoners is a fire,and between the fire and the prisoners is a raised walkway with a low wall,behind which people walk carrying objects or puppets "of men and other living things"
The people walk behind the wall so their bodies do not cast shadows for the prisoners to see,but the objects they carry do.The prisoners cannot see any of this behind them and are only able to see the shadows cast upon the cave wall in front of them.
the shadows constitute reality for the prisoners because they have never seen anything else; they would not realize that what they see are shadows of objects in front of a fire,much less that these objects are inspired by real living things outside of the cave
then supposes that one prisoner is freed,being forced to turn and see the fire.The light would hurt his eyes and make it hard for him to see the objects that are casting the shadows.If he is told that what he saw before was not real but that the objects he is now struggling to see are,he would not believe it.In his pain,Socrates continues,the freed prisoner would turn away and run back to what he can see and is accustomed to,that is the shadows of the carried objects.
suppose...that someone should drag him...by force,up the rough ascent,the steep way up,and never stop until he could drag him out into the light of the sun." The prisoner would be angry and in pain,and this would only worsen when the radiant light of the sun overwhelms his eyes and blinds him.The sunlight is representative of the new reality and knowledge the freed prisoner is experiencing.
Slowly,his eyes adjust to the light of the sun.First he can only see shadows.Gradually he can see the reflections of people and things in water and then later see the people and things themselves.

苏格拉底首先问想象一个山洞,在那里人们可以从小被囚禁的.这些囚犯是链接,这样他们的腿和脖子都是固定的,迫使他们的目光在他们面前的墙壁,而不是看看山洞,对方,或他们自己.
背后的囚犯是火,火和囚犯之间是一种提高人行道矮墙,背后,人们走携带对象或傀儡”的男性和其他生物”
墙背后的人走,所以他们的身体不让囚犯们看到阴影,但他们做的对象.囚犯们看不到的背后,只能够看到洞穴墙壁上的阴影在他们面前.
囚犯的阴影构成现实因为他们从来没有见过什么;他们不会意识到他们所看到的物体的阴影在火灾面前,要少得多,这些对象是灵感来自真正的洞穴之外的生物
假设,一个囚犯被释放,被迫转身看火.光线会伤害他的眼睛,使他很难看到对象铸造阴影.如果他被告知,他之前看到的不是真实的,但他现在努力的对象看,他也不会相信.苏格拉底继续他的痛苦,被释放的囚犯会转过身跑回他所看到的,是习惯,进行物体的影子.
假设……应该有人把他拖…武力,粗糙的提升,陡峭的路,永远不会停止,直到他可以把他拖到太阳的光.“犯人将愤怒和痛苦,而这只会加剧当太阳的辐射光淹没他的眼睛和百叶窗他.阳光代表新的现实和知识被释放的囚犯正在经历.
慢慢地,他的眼睛适应太阳的光.首先,他只能看到阴影.逐渐地他可以看到人与物在水中的倒影,然后看到自己的人和事.
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