英语翻译介绍：神经系统发育过程中细胞如何分化,仍然是发育神经生物学的中心问题.已经表明,与细胞表面结合能够产生调控信号的

英语翻译
介绍：
神经系统发育过程中细胞如何分化,仍然是发育神经生物学的中心问题.已经表明,与细胞表面结合能够产生调控信号的细胞因子,在细胞规范中起决定性作用.例如,在果蝇眼睛的发育过程中,生长因子及其受体Ras-MAP激酶激活信号通路,在感光细胞的形成过程中起着重要作用.然而,是否所有由生长因子产生的信号转导通路在脊髓动物视网膜发育过程中都起关键作用还有待证实.
脊髓动物视网膜经常被用来作为研究神经系统发育过程中细胞命运决定的模型.,首创的遗传世系研究表明：在发育过程中,同一世系下视网膜祖细胞的分化潜力逐步降低.例如,前体细胞在围产期小鼠视网膜中一晚池可分化成为视杆细胞、双极细胞和穆勒胶质细胞.也有证据表明,在内外因素作用下,可以共同确定视网膜细胞规范.尽管致使祖细胞进入特定的视网膜细胞的原因还未查明,但通过对小鸡和小鼠的研究,已经表明睫状神经营养因子和白血病抑制因子可以阻碍视杆细胞的生成.然而,尚不清楚细胞因子是如何控制细胞,尤其是何种通路被用作使其进入细胞的转导通路.
How cell differentiation is specified during development of nervous systems remains a central question of developmental neurobiology [
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Destroy user interface control2].It is believed that extracellular factors,which bind to cell surface receptors and generate signals for regulation of intrinsic factors,have a decisive role in cell specification [
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Destroy user interface control3].For example,in Drosophila eye development,growth factors and their receptors activate the RAS-MAP kinase pathway,which plays an essential role in specification of photoreceptors [
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How cell differentiation is specified during the development of nervous systems remains a central problem in developmental neurobiology