求高手翻译!不要翻译器翻的

求高手翻译!不要翻译器翻的
法典时代到来之后,法律乃至整个社会的发展又将进入怎样的运行模式?梅因认为“当原始法律一经制定成为‘法典’,所谓法律自发的发展,便告终止.自此以后,对它起着影响的,如果确有影响的话,便都是有意的和来自外界的.”法典时代在取代了由少数人垄断法律知识的习惯法时代的同时,也正以一种公开的,稳定的,为万民所知晓的方式约束了它自发发展的可能性,它开始从自发发展转向依赖于外界需求的变更.这种变更是基于一种要求改进,有意识的愿望.而这种愿望在起初法的发展中是无法发掘到的,因为家族本位思想的主宰,处于家族之中的成员对“个人本位”并没有深刻的认识.他们基于一种“人格状态”也即“身份”确定他们的基本权利和基本义务.夏勇在《中国民权哲学》中曾指出“每个社会都有支撑它的社会制度和它所塑造和支持的观念,因而在中国传统的社会里,个人对自己资格,利益,力量或主张的感知和要求限制在了一个较低的水平.”跳出“中国”的框架,这种对自己资格,利益,力量或主张的感知和要求,无论如何都会是一种必然的存在,只在水平高低上存在着差别.在身份社会中,家族是法律关注的单位,个人对资格,利益,力量或主张的感知和要求皆以所属的家族为归依.因而这种感知和要求被限制在一个很低的水平.而当法律发展到法典时代的时候,人们的这种感知已经得到了有效的膨胀,因为上文已经提到,从习惯法时代进入法典时代的原因除了文字的出现以外,还有公民对贵族独占法律的不满和反抗.这种不满和反抗是证明公民个人意识觉醒的有力证据.

Code after era, the law and the whole of the development of the society and how will enter the operation mode? Maine think "when the original law once make become 'code, the so-called" legal spontaneous development, and against terminated. Since then, it plays to the influence of words, if does have an impact, it is intentional and from the outside." In the era of code instead by a few people monopoly legal knowledge of customary law era, at the same time it is taking a public, stable, known for the nations of the way the spontaneous development constraints the possibility of it, it began to from spontaneous development to rely on external demand changes. This change was based on a demand improvement, conscious desire. And this desire in the development of the method of first is unable to find, because the family thought the master of the standard, in the members of the family of "personal standard" and does not have the profound understanding. They based on a "personality state" that "identity", to determine the basic rights and basic obligation. XiaYong in the "Chinese civil rights philosophy" in once said that "each society has its supporting social system and its shape and support the concept, so in traditional Chinese society, to his personal qualifications, interests, strength, or to claim the sensation and required to limit in a lower level." Jump out of "China" frame, this kind to their qualifications, interests, strength, or to claim the sensation and requirements, no matter what will be a kind of inevitable exist, only in the level, there's a difference. In identity society, family is the legal concerns units and individuals to qualification, interests, power or claim of the perception and requirements are all in the family belongs for refuge. So this kind of perception and asked to be limited in a very low level. And when the law development to the age of the code, people of this perception has already got effective inflation, because had mentioned above, from common law age to the code of the era of the appearance of reason in addition to text, besides the citizens to aristocratic exclusive law of discontent and resistance. This dissatisfaction and resistance is proof of the awakening of the consciousness of individual citizens convincing evidence.