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过去分词做状语和定语的区别

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/05/26 20:55:52
解题思路: 理解句子含义;熟悉词汇辨析;熟悉英语语法;善于分析句子成分和句子结构;熟悉英汉翻译。
解题过程:
如下
过去分词作状语
一、过去分词作状语时的功能及位置
1. 过去分词作状语,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态,即动作发生时的背景或状况,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语,且主语是过去分词动作的承受者,即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的;过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系,即被动关系。如:
Although built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful. 尽管这座房子是30年前被建造的,它看起来依然很漂亮。
2. 过去分词短语作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首;作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;作让步状语时,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。如:
Given more time, he can do it better. 如果他被给予更多的时间,他就能把它做得更好。
二、 与状语从句的转换
1. 过去分词短语作时间状语,可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。如:
Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.→When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看,这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
2. 作条件状语,可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。如:
United we will stand; divided we will fall.→If we are united we will stand; if we are divided we will fall. 团结就是胜利;分裂必然失败。
3. 作原因状语,可转换为as, since或because等引导的状语从句。如:
Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.→As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞,他工作更努力了。
4. 作让步状语,可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。如:
Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.→Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我们虽然爬得很累,但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。
5. 作方式状语,如有连词as if,就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句;若无连词,则转换为并列结构。如:
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.→He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来,好像被蛇咬了。
6. 作伴随状语,一般转换为并列结构。如:
Aunt Wu came in, followed by her daughter.→Aunt Wu came in, and (she) was followed by her daughter. 吴大娘走进来,(她)后面跟着她的女儿。
一、过去分词做定语 1. 表示情绪的过去分词作定语: The worried look deepened upon her face. 她脸上的愁容加重了。 Martin’s confused sorrows turned to optimism. 马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。 She could hear his agitated voice. 她可以听到他激动的声音。 2. 其他过去分词作定语。 printed matter印刷品 a written report 书面报告 guided missile导弹 armed forces 武装力量 smoke fish熏鱼 canned food 罐头食品 required courses必修课 classified document 机密文件 animated cartoons动画片 furnished rooms 有家具的房间 3. 由过去分词构成的合成形容词作定语: air-conditioned rooms 有空调的房间 hand-made goods 手工操作泵 a well-dressed woman 穿着讲究的女子 a cautiously-worded statement 措辞谨慎的声明 4. 及物动词的过去分词作定语一般表示被动和完成,而不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意思: the risen sun初升的太阳 vanished jewels消失了的珠宝 returned students 归国留学生 fallen leaves 落叶 a dated map 过时的地图 注:有些带-ed结尾的词,并不是过去分词,而是由名词变化而来的形容词: skilled workers 熟练工人 salaried class 工薪阶层 有些合成形容词也是由“名词+ed”构成: good-natured 天性善良的 one-sided 片面的 absent-minded 心不在焉的 muddle-headed 糊里糊涂的 5. 过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰名词之前,过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰名词之后面,作用接近于一个定语从句: What’s the language spoken in that country? 那个国家讲的是什么语言? This is something unheard of in history. 这是史无前例的事。 The play put on by the teachers was a big success. 老师们表演的戏很成功。 6. 有时单个过去分词也放在所修饰的名词之后: They didn’t allow us to make the alterations suggested. 他们不允许我们作提出的修改。 The designers decided to change the materials used. 设计者决定改变所用的材料。 The man concerned was her husband. 有关的人是她的丈夫。 How much time is there left? 还剩下多少时间? 7. 作定语的过去分词常指已经完成的动作,若要表示现在正在进行的动作,要用现在分词的被动形式: We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。 What do you think of the summit meeting being held in Vienna? 你对正在维也纳召开的峰会有什么看法? I knew nothing about the experiment being conducted there. 我对在那里进行的试验一无所知。