英语翻译structural reliability theory is concerned with the rati

英语翻译
structural reliability theory is concerned with the rational treatment of uncertainties in structural engineering and with the methods for assessing the safety and serviceability of civil engieering and other structures.it is a subject which has grown rapidly during the last decade and has evolved from being a topic for academic research to a set of well-developed or developing methodologies with a wide range of practical applications.
uncertainties exist in most areas of civil and structural engineering and rational design decisions cannot be made without modelling them and taking them into account.many structural engineers are shielded from having to think about such problems,at least when designing simple structures,because of the prescriptive and essentially deterministic of most codes of practice.this is an undesirable situation.most loads and other structural design parameters are rarely known with certainty and should be regarded as randow variables or stochastic processes,even if in design calculations they are eventually treated as deterministic.some problems such as the analysis of load combinations cannot even be formulated without recourse to probabilistic reasoning
until fairly recently there has been a tendency for structural engineering to be dominated by deterministic thinking,characterised in design calculations by the use of specified minimum material propertise,specified load intensities and by prescribed procedures for computing stresses and deflections.this deterministic approach has almost certainly been reinforced by the very large extent to which structural engieering design is codified and the lack of feedback about the actual performance of structures.for example,actual stresses are rarely known,deflections are rarely observed or monitored,and since most structures do not collapse the real reserves of strengths are generally not known.in contrast,in the field of hydraulic systems,much more is known about the actual perfomance of,say,pipe networks,weirs,spillways etc,as their performance in service can be relatively easily observed or determined.

结构可靠性理论,是关于合理治疗的不确定性,结构工程,并与方法来评估安全性及可用性的民间工程中及其他构筑物.这是一个课题,其中增长迅速,在过去十年,并已形成从一个专题进行学术研究,以制订一套完善的发达国家还是发展中国家方法具有广泛的实际应用.
存在着不确定性,在大多数地区的土木及结构工程与设计合理,可以决定不作模特儿,并把他们列入考虑范围.许多结构工程师免受不得不思考这样的问题,至少在设计结构简单,因为该指令性的,本质上的确定性的最专业守则.这是一个不良的情况.最载荷和其他结构的设计参数都是鲜为人知肯定,并应被视为随机参数变量或随机过程,即使在设计计算,他们最终被视为确定性.有些问题,例如分析荷载组合甚至不能制定无需诉诸概率推理
直到最近,有一个趋势,为结构工程,以主导确定性思维,其特征是在设计计算所使用的特定的最低材料性能,在指定负荷强度,并订明的程序计算应力和挠度.这种确定性的做法,几乎已肯定被钢筋所相当大的程度上,以它的结构工程中的设计是编纂和缺乏反馈的实际表现结构.举例来说,实际讲是鲜为人知,挠度,是很少观察或监测,而且由于大部分结构不垮的实际储备的优势,一般都是不知道.相比之下,在外地的液压系统,更重要的,是人们对实际性能的,也就是说,管网,拦河坝,溢洪道等,因为他们的表现在服务,可以相对容易观测或确定.