英语翻译《澳大利亚资格框架实施手册》 第三版 2002 中的一段,5.Pathways to the Qualifica

英语翻译
《澳大利亚资格框架实施手册》 第三版 2002 中的一段,
5.Pathways to the Qualification
Candidates typically hold a Masters degree or a Bachelor Honours degree (First or Second Class,upper division) or equivalent and are expected to demonstrate potential to undertake work at this level in the proposed field of study.In some institutions,candidates may upgrade an in-progress Masters degree to a Doctoral degree where they have not yet taken out the Masters degree.For some doctoral programs,substantial professional experience will be an integral requirement.
There is a range of doctoral programs,in varying combinations of research and coursework and professional orientation,as follows:
• the research doctorate is usually entered from a research or part-research Masters degree or a Bachelor Honours degree (First or Second Class,upper division) and is primarily achieved through supervised research;
• the professional doctorate is usually entered from a combined research and coursework Masters degree,a Bachelor Honours degree (First or Second Class,upper division) or equivalent and requires significant professional practice either prior to and/or as part of the program,which may be undertaken through varying combinations of coursework and research.
Because candidates hold a range of relevant skills and knowledge,the duration of programs varies.A typical research or professional doctoral program would be expected to require the equivalent of three to four years of full-time work.
There is a further type of doctoral degree,the higher doctorate,which is awarded to candidates usually possessing a doctoral degree on the basis of an internationally-recognised original contribution to knowledge rather than supervised candidature,often in the context of a substantial association with the conferring institution.
尽量翻译的准确些
不要用快译什么的软件，那什么玩意啊，汉语读起来都不通顺！

5 获得资格的途径
通常候选人需要持有硕士学位或者优等学士学位（在以上分类,一等或二等）或者具有同等的能够证明在该领域能够潜在发展能力的水平.在一些机构,候选人还没有取得硕士学位时,他们可以在读研的时进一步上升到攻读博士学位.但对于一些招收博士的计划中,丰富的专业领域知识经验从总体来说是必不可少的条件.
这些是一系列的博士计划纲要,范围包括研究,课程和方向的结合,如下：
研究性博士学位的获得通常从事研究与部分研究的硕士生或者学士优等生（以上的分类,一等或二等）中选拔,主要从被审查的研究成果中获取.
职业性（专业性）博士学位的获得通常从研究性与教学性复合的硕士生或者优等学士学位（在以上分类,一等或者二等）或者有同等的典型专业实践经验够领先于该课题即深入课题研究的人中选拔,这样可以适应研究性与教学性的不同变化.
由于课题持续时间是变化波动的,所以,要求候选人掌握一定相关范围的知识和技能.一个典型的研究或者专业博士课题相当于3年到4年的全职工作.
还有一种博士学位类型,那就是高级博士,指的是被国际公认在该领域做出新的贡献的被嘉奖的博士候选人,而不仅仅是被指导的候选人.但经常是这些人与被授学位的机构有重要的联系.
没看全文,挺麻烦的,真锻炼水平.