英语翻译If you ask several people what marketing is,they will re

英语翻译
If you ask several people what marketing is,they will respond with a variety of descriptions.Marketing encompasses many more activities than most people realize.Since it is practiced and studied for many different reasons,it has been defined in many ways.We define marketing as follows:
Marketing is the process of creating,distributing,promoting,and pricing goods,services and ideas to facilitate satisfying relationships in a dynamic environment.
In this definition,an exchange is the provision or transfer of goods,services,or ideas in return for something of value.Any product may be involved in a marketing exchange.We assume only that individuals and organizations expect to gain a reward in excess of the costs incurred.We now examine selected parts of the definition more closely.
Marketing means more than simple advertising or selling a product; it involves developing and managing a product that will satisfy certain needs.It focuses on making the product available in the right place and at a price that is acceptable to customers.It also requires transmitting information that helps customers determine if the product will satisfy their needs.
For purposes of discussion in this text,a product is viewed as being a good,a service,or an idea.A good is physical entity one can touch.A Ford Explorer,Garth Brooks compact disks,Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes,and a kitten in a pet store are examples of goods.A service is the application of human and mechanical efforts to people or objects to provide intangible benefits to customers.Airplane travel,dry cleaning,banking,medical care,and day care are examples of services.The Minneapolis Institute of Arts is primarily a marketer of services.Ideas include concepts,philosophies,images,and issues.For instance,a marriage counselor,for a fee,gives spouses ideas to help improve their relationship.Other marketers of ideas include political parties,churches,and schools.
Individuals and organizations engage in marketing to facilitate exchanges.Businesses as well as nonprofit organizations--such as colleges and universities,charitable organizations,hospitals,and preservationist groups like the World Wildlife Fund--perform marketing activities.For example,colleges and universities and their students engage in exchanges.To receive instruction,knowledge,a degree,use of facilities,and sometimes room and board,students give up time,money,and perhaps services in the form of labor; they may also give up opportunities to do other things .Likewise,many religious institutions engage in marketing activities to satisfy their “customers”.For example,Willow Creek Community Church in South Barrington,Illinois,conducted a survey to determine why some of the residents did not attend any church.The church used survey results to develop programs aimed at satisfying the religious needs of these residents.

助人为乐
鄙视翻译机
如果你问不同的人市场营销是什么,他们会给你几个不同的答案.市场营销所包含的活动比大多数人所知道的都要多.由于它的实施和关于它的研究总是基于许多不同的原因,因此它有许多不同的定义.我们对市场营销的定义如下：
市场营销是对于产品、服务、观点进行创造、分配、提高和定价的过程以使其满足动态环境下各种关系的需要.
在这个定义中,交易是对产品、服务或观点的供应或转换以获得某些有价值的东西.任何产品都可以包含在市场交易中.我们假设只有个体和组织希望从已形成的较多花费中获得收益.我们现在对定义的几个特殊部分进行进一步的解释.
市场营销部只是简单的广告宣传或销售产品,它还包含了为满足某种特定需要而进行的产品开发和管理.
它主要针对是产品在正确的地方进行销售和定价为消费者可以接受的价格.它还需要传播有助于消费者确定该产品是否能满足他们的需要的信息.
为了本文讨论的目的,产品包含了商品、服务或观点.商品时个体能够接触的物质实体.浅滩探测器、Garth Brooks压缩碟、Kellogg’s Frosted Flakes和宠物店里的一只小猫都是典型的商品.服务是指可以向消费者提供无形收益的人类或机械效果的运用.飞机旅行、干洗、银行业、医疗护理和日常护理都是现行的服务.明尼阿波利斯艺术学院是最初的服务市场营销.观点包括概念、哲学、形象和论点.例如,一个收费的婚姻咨询师向配偶双方提供意见以改进他们的关系.其他的观点市场营销包括政党、教堂和学校.
参与市场营销的个体和组织对市为了促进交易.无论商业组织、非营利组织（例如学院和大学）、慈善组织、医院还是保护组织（例如世界野生动物基金）都要参与市场营销活动.例如,学院和大学还有其学生会参与交易.接受指导、获取知识、获得学位、使用设备、食宿,学生以劳动的方式放弃时间、金钱,也许还有服务；他们也许还会放弃机会去做其他的事情.同样的,许多宗教组织也参与市场营销活动以满足他们的“消费者”.例如,伊利诺斯州South Barrington的Willow Creek 社区教堂进行了一项关于为什么有些居民不参加任何教堂活动的调查.教堂根据调查结果来组织各种针对满足这些居民的宗教需要的活动方案.