求高一必修一英语第一单元的所有语法

求高一必修一英语第一单元的所有语法

直接引语与间接引语面面观（一） 在英语语言交际中,引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引语和间接引语.直接引语是直接引述别人的原话,在书面语中经常将其放在引号中.间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,无需加引号,在多数情况下间接引语可以构成宾语从句.接下来我们认识一下直接引语与间接引语： 1. MrsSmith said, “I am going to New Yorktomorrow.”（引号中的内容为直接引语） . MrsSmith said that she was going to New York the next day. （划网部分为间接引语） 细心的同学可能已经发现句1中的直接引语在变成句中的间接引语时某些成分已经发生了变化,如: I变成了she, am变成了was, tomorrow则变成了the next day.在日常交际中,当我们需要在这两种引语之间转换时,究竟有什么规律可循呢? 首先,如果直接引语为陈述句、疑问句,变为间接引语时,就成为一个宾语从句,所以自然要符合宾语从句的语法要求.从句的一些共性特点是：一、陈述语序；二、恰当的连接词；三、时态要求.哦 还有就是 现在我报读的ABC夭下中心的外教和我提到 若要学好英语是很容易的!一定要有一个符合的研习情境以及熟练口语对象 最关键就是外教水平,口语纯正很重要 坚持经常口语交流 1对1个性化学习才能有非常.好.的进步效率~上完课同样要重复温习课程录音音频 更可以加深印象!然后要是真的没有人可以指导 只能到旺旺或爱思拿到课余学习材料学习,多说、多练、多问、多听、多读,不知不觉的口语就加强起来 学习成长是绝对达成目标的~除此之外,直接引语变为间接引语仍有一些具体的语法要求,以下结合实例逐一解析. 一、人称的变化 将直接引语变为间接引语时,一定要注意人称的变化,否则会使整个句子意思混乱.观察下列几组句子中人称的变化,注意其变化规律.1. She said, “My friends want to visit me.”→ She said her friends wanted to visither.. He said to Kate, “How is your work now?”→ He asked Kate how her work was then.. Tom said, “You’d better carry an umbrella just incase, Mary.”→ Tom said that Mary had better carryan umbrella just in case.. Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”→ Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.【自我归纳】人称变化须牢记：从一随主,从二随宾,从三人称不更新. “从一随主”是指如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称时,从句中的人称变化要随主句中 ______的人称变化,如第1组例句. “从二随宾”是指如果直接引语中的主语是第二人称时,从句中的人称变化要与主句中的______一致,如第组例句；如果主句没有宾语,则需观察主句主语的交际对象,如第组例句,此句中Tom的说话对象为______, 故间接引语中的主语变化为Mary. “从三人称不更新”是指如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称时,从句中的人称一般______,如第组例句. 二、时态的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态上要做相应的变化.具体变化如下：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时【即学即练】根据以上原则完成下列句子.1. She said, “I have lost my bike.”→ She said she ______ her bike.. She said, “We hope so.”→ She said they ______ so.. He said, “She will go to see her friend.”→ He said she ______ to see herfriend. 注意：在以下几种情况下,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态不变化. 1. 直接引语是客观事实、科学真理及名言警句时.如：The teacher said to us, “Light travels much fasterthan sound.”→ The teacher told us that lighttravels much faster than sound. . 直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变.如：Mother said, “John, what were you doingat o’clock last night?”→ Mother asked John what he was doingat o’clock the night before. . 如果直接引语中的情态动词无过去式（如：ought to, had better, usedto）或已经是过去式（如：could, should, would,might）时,则不再变化.如： He said, “You should come hereearlier tomorrow.”→ He said I should go thereearlier the next day. . 如一般过去时有表示具体时间的状语,也可以不变.如：She said, “I was born in 1.”→ She said (that) she was born in1. 三、状语及其他成分的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时,时间状语和地点状语也要做相应的变化.如: now → then；today → that day; tonight → that night；yesterday → the day before；tomorrow → the next day；last month → the month before等；地点状语here → there；指示代词ts → that, these → those；动词come → go, bring → take等. 注意：以上这些变化要视情况而定,不能死搬教条,如果转述就在当天当地则不需要进行时间及地点的转换. 四、句型的变化 观察下列几组句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换中句型的变化规律,并试着总结归纳.1. She said, “Our train will leave in severalminutes.”→ She said that their train wouldleave in several minutes.. He said, “Can you dance, Ted?”→ He asked Ted whether if he coulddance.. “You have tidied your room, haven’t you?” my mother asked. → My mother asked mewhether I had tidied my room.. She asked me, “When will you start?”→ She asked me when I would start.【自我归纳】1. 直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由______（可省略）引导的宾语从句.. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由______引导的宾语从句.. 直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,间接引语应改为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句.【即学即练】阅读下列几组直接引语变为间接引语的句子,判断其正（T）误（F）并改正其中的错误.1. “What did you do yesterday, Jenny?” said themother.→ The mother asked Jenny what she haddone the day before.. The little kid said, “How can I get that toy?”→ The little kid asked how could heget that toy.. He said, “The Olympic Games are held every fouryears.”→ He said that the Olympic Games wereheld every four years.Key:一、【自我归纳】主语；宾语；Mary；不需要变化二、【即学即练】 1. had lost .hoped . would go四、【自我归纳】 1. that .whether if 【即学即练】1. T.. F.how could he改为how he could. F.were改为are