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初二英语的几种单词的辨析!

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初二英语的几种单词的辨析!
有几个单词一直分不清楚,希望有哪位学长可以给我解释一下.
1.arrive 和reach的区别
例题:It was already two o'clock when I ____ London.
2.cost spend take pay 的区别.
例题:How much does the ticket _____from Shanghai to Beijing?
3.each 和every的区别
例题:There are a lot of colorful flowers on ______sides of the streets.
4.besides 和except 的区别.
例题:——Why did you go swimming_____Tom?
——Because he was ill at home.
5.sometime some time sometimes some times的区别
例题:We are going have a party_____next week.
最好可以结合例题来讲一下,它们的用法是怎样的.
题的答案并不重要。我希望有哪位学长可以给我解释一下它们的区别,
1.reached
区别:
*arrive*是不及物动词,表示“到达、抵达某地(尤指行程的终
点),后常接介词at 或in,一般in接大地方,at接小地方,若是地点副词,
则不需用介词.例如:
Do you know what time the plane *arrive* in Moscow?
你知道飞机什么时候抵达莫斯科?
They arrived at the station at 8 this morning.
他们今天早晨八点到达车站的.
Her mother saw her when she arrived home
她到家时她妈妈看见了她.
*reach*是及物动词,直接接宾语,无须介词,和*arrive*一样,属
正式用语.例如:
When she reached home,her mother asked,“Have you got everything?”当她回到家时,她妈妈问道,“所有的东西都买了吗?”
They reached Beijing on February 17.
他们于二月十七日到达北京.
2.cost
区别:spend,cost,take和pay都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同.
spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱).例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事.例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买…….例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了.
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱.例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间.例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词.
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句.
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间.例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间.例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车.
pay的基本用法是:(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买…….例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租.(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱.例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款.(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱.例:Don?蒺t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的.(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人. 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬.(5)pay money back 还钱.例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你.(6)pay off one's money还清钱.
3.each
区别:
1) every 强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念.
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功.
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书.
2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个).
3) every 只作形容词,不可单独使用.each可作代词或形容词.
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作状语,each可作状语.
5) every 有反复重复的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有.
6) every 与not 连用,表示部分否定; each 和not连用表示全部否定.
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实.
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实.
4.except
区别:
besides表示”除..以外,还有..”;except表示”从整体中除去..”
besides和except两个词语,汉语可以用"除了"一种形式来表达,但汉语的"除外"既可以指包括,又可以指排除,在这两种不同的情况下,英语就得分别用两个介词来表示:
如下面的例子
WeallwenttherebesidesJohn.除了约翰我们也去了那里.(即约翰去了,我们也去了)
WeallwentthereexceptJohn.除了约翰我们都去了那里.(即我们都去了,但约翰没去)
5.sometime
区别:
(1)sometimes的意思是“有时”,是副词.例如:
Sometimes he comes by bike and sometimes by bus.
他有时骑车来,有时乘公共汽车来.
(2)sometime也是副词,意思是“在某个时候”.可用于一般过去时与将来时.例如:
You can hand in your homework sometime before Friday.
你可以在周五前某个时候交作业.
(3)some time是名词短语,它的意思是“一段时间”.例如:
I'll be away for some time. 我将离开一段时间.
(4)some times也是一个名词短语,time在这里用作可数名词,意思是“次数”.
some times的意思是“几次”.例如:
I have been to the Great Wall some times.
我去过长城几次.
有一个口诀可以帮助记忆:
分开“一段时间”,相聚“某个时候”;
S连住是“有时”,分开“几次”、“几倍”行.
解释:some和time分开写时表示“一段时间”,连着写时表示“某个时候”;有S连着写时表示“有时”,分开写表示“几次”、“几倍”的意思.